Volume 6, Number 45
13 November 2006

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FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESEARCH

Awareness and determinants of family planning practice in Jimma, Ethiopia
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
International Nursing Review. 2006 Dec;53(4):269-276.
Beekle AT | McCabe C
This study aimed to determine the level and determinants of family planning awareness and practice in one Ethiopian town. The findings revealed that the knowledge and practice of modern contraception methods was low. Most women's contraceptive knowledge and practice was influenced by socio-cultural norms and low social status of women. A lack of formal education for women was identified as a key factor in preventing change in the patterns of contraceptive knowledge and use by women in this part of Ethiopia.

FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NEWS

China vows to help developing countries improve reproductive health
(News Article; Asia)
8 Nov 2006
People's Daily Online
China's family planning authority agreed to help developing countries increase their awareness of reproductive health and improve population management. The National Population and Family Planning Commission of China signed three agreements at an on-going international conference on population and development with Partners in Population and Development (PPD), offering to provide training programs in population management and contraceptive supplies to developing countries.

Family planning - India's abandoned agenda
(Commentary; Asia)
4 Nov 2006
Desicritics.org
Since 1977 the family planning program in India has seen several flip flops. Following the conference on population and development in Cairo in 1994, when connections were established between population size and other aspects of development, the program as it was known and administered since independence was abandoned. It was recast as an integral program where family planning was just one of the many components offered as a basket of many health and development offerings from the government. However, a growing population continues to pose a threat to limited resources.

China cements family planning policy by offering financial support
(News Article; Asia)
5 Nov 2006
Xinhua
Central China's Hunan Province announced a plan to provide financial aid to people whose only child is dead or disabled, a move to further consolidate the family planning policy. China also announced offering financial rewards to farmers who have fewer children, aiming to restrain the rise in the country's population. Parents of every one-child family and those with two daughters in the rural areas will receive an annual payment of 600 yuan (75 dollars) when they reach the age of 60.

India: Flavored condom ad in bad taste?
(News Article; Asia)
11 Nov 2006
China Daily
Indian authorities want to stop the daytime airing of a television advertisement promoting flavored condoms, saying it is obscene and in bad taste. The advertisement promotes DKT's "XXX" strawberry-, chocolate-, and banana-flavored condoms with the catchline, "What is your flavor of the night?"

Taming Ireland's Celtic Tiger
(News Article; Europe)
7 Nov 2006
CNN Money
Ireland's increased use of contraceptives in the 1980s and 90s may have been a driving force behind its rapid economic expansion in the last 15 years. The fall in fertility was important because of its impact on the ratio of workers to those they support, especially pensioners and children -- the so-called economic dependency ratio. As late as 1985, Ireland's ratio of 2.3 dependents per employed person was significantly higher than the EU average of 1.5, placing a burden on an already underperforming economy.

FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW AND POLICY

Pope in dilemma: To ban condoms or not
(News Article; Global)
7 Nov 2006
MedIndia
Pope Benedict XVI is in a dilemma: whether to preserve the Roman Catholic Church's "traditional ban on contraception or shift[ing] to a relative yes-sometimes policy that gives us an effective weapon against AIDS -- but opens up church policy on contraception, abortion, and infallibility to new challenges," according to Peter Boulay, former religious brother and editor of a Catholic newspaper.

HIV/AIDS RESEARCH

Community support is associated with better antiretroviral treatment outcomes in a resource-limited rural district in Malawi
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2007 Jan;101(1):79-84.
Zachariah R | Teck R | Buhendwa L | Fitzerland M | Labana S | Chinjic C | Humblet P | Harries AD
This research studied the usefulness of community support for HIV-positive individuals who were placed on antiretroviral treatment (ART). For patients placed on ART with and without community support, 96% and 76% were alive and continuing ART after 18 months, respectively. 3.5% of those with support and 15% of those without support died. Overall, community support is associated with a considerably lower death rate and better overall ART outcomes. The research shows that the community might be able to play an important contributory role in countries desperately trying to scale up ART with limited resources.

A population-based study on alcohol and high-risk sexual behaviors in Botswana
(Research Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
PLOS Medicine. 2006 Oct;3(10):e392.
Weiser SD | Leiter K | Heisler M | McFarland W | Percy-de Korte F | DeMonner SM | Tlou S | Phaladze N | Iacopino V | Bangsberg DR
While alcohol use is strongly associated with HIV infection in Africa, few population-based studies have characterized the association of alcohol use with specific high-risk sexual behaviors. In a study in Botswana, researchers found that 31% of men and 17% of women were heavy drinkers. Heavy alcohol use was associated with male gender, intergenerational relationships, higher education, and living with a sexual partner. Alcohol use was associated with multiple risks for HIV transmission among both men and women. The findings of this study underscore the need to integrate alcohol abuse and HIV prevention efforts in Botswana and elsewhere.

Patterns of vulnerability to AIDS impacts in Zambian households
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Development and Change. 2006 Sep;37(5):1073-1092.
Wiegers E | Curry J | Garbero A | Hourihan J
Using household data from Northern Zambia, this article looks at HIV/AIDS impacts on different aspects of people's access to food. The findings draw particular attention to the variances in vulnerability among households burdened by illness and orphans that are headed by men, women, and the elderly. Households affected by HIV/AIDS cannot be treated as a homogeneous group and understanding the differences in vulnerability can play an important policy role in designing targeted support.

Five myths about the HIV epidemic in Asia
(Research Article; Asia)
PLoS Medicine. 2006 Oct;3(10):e426.
Godwin P | O'Farrell N | Fylkesnes K | Misra S
It is widely recognized that the huge population sizes of many Asian countries mean that although national HIV prevalence levels are still very low, very large absolute numbers of people are being infected each year with HIV. Urgent responses are required; the effective responses by countries such as Thailand and Cambodia have shown how much can be done. Perhaps the biggest challenge is lack of organizational and institutional capability to deliver effective prevention and care services at grass-roots level.

HIV, stigma, and rates of infection: A rumour without evidence
(Research Article; Global)
PLoS Medicine. 2006 Oct;3(10):e435.
Reidpath DD | Chan KY
In 2002, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) published a report declaring that the stigma associated with HIV was one of the “greatest barriers” to preventing new infections and alleviating the impact of the disease. In addition to being a determinant of the global epidemic, UNAIDS also argues that HIV-related stigma is one of the greatest barriers to the provision of treatment, care, and support to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are some core scientific issues that need to be overcome if the question of the relationship between HIV stigma and the spread of HIV is to be resolved. Whether HIV stigma is one of the greatest barriers to the global control of the epidemic remains a hypothesis.

Estimating the demand for a preventive HIV vaccine: Why we need to do better
(Research Article; Global)
PLoS Medicine. 2006 Oct;3(10):e398.
Hecht R | Suraratdecha C
In a number of modeling exercises, analysts have shown that even a partially effective HIV vaccine could decisively lower the rate of new infections, averting millions of new infections each year. For a vaccine to make a difference in halting the AIDS pandemic, it needs to be widely available and accessible, and must be taken up. Reliable estimates of demand for an HIV vaccine would help in achieving several policy and advocacy objectives related to this goal.

HIV/AIDS NEWS

South Africa: AIDS death can be less with US treatment practices
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
3 Nov 2006
Mail and Guardian Online
AIDS deaths in South Africa could be cut dramatically, reducing the epidemic to the level of a chronic illness and saving billions of dollars, if the country adopted treatment practices followed in the United States, a study has found.

South Africa: ARVs give ray of hope to millions SA people living with HIV
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
7 Nov 2006
African News Dimension
The decision taken by the Government in 2003 to provide antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is paying dividends. "This has undoubtedly been the most significant recent development in the HIV/AIDS struggle in the new democratic South Africa," said Philemon Radebe, an HIV/AIDS health expert.

Activists say S. Africa ready to take AIDS seriously
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
8 Nov 2006
CBC News
The South African government, long reluctant to face up to the country's overwhelming number of AIDS cases, is now acknowledging its failure to slow the epidemic and provide treatment, AIDS activists said. Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo-Ncguka, named last month to head a revitalized government council meant to address the AIDS issue, met with activists and effectively sidelined the health minister, who has promoted the benefits of lemons, garlic, and beets as effective treatments.

Malawi: UN accuses rich countries over Malawi issue
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
4 Nov 2006
SomaliNet News
A visiting UN envoy has accused the world's wealthiest countries of failing Malawi, which is struggling to care for more than two mllion orphans and vulnerable children. Malawi has 1.6 million orphans and an estimated 80,000 children below the age of 15 are living with HIV-AIDS.

Fast condoms go on sale in South Africa
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
8 Nov 2006
Times of India
Condoms which can be put on in just one second are going on sale in South Africa. "Using an ordinary condom is a real pain," says Pronto condom designer Willem van Rensburg. "By the time the condom is on, the mood is halfway out the window."

South Africa: Lack of anti-AIDS drugs sets in
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
4 Nov 2006
SomaliNet News
For many HIV-positive people in South Africa's Embo area, southwest of the port city of Durban, accessing treatment at public health facilities is as difficult as navigating the steep and muddy paths between their homes.

Tanzania: UNICEF launches HIV prevention computer game
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
4 Nov 2006
Daily News
The United Nations Children's Education Fund (UNICEF) has released an online game to help Kiswahili-speaking youths to know more about HIV prevention and the need for voluntary testing. The move seeks to reach East African adolescents and young people in the battle against AIDS. This is UNICEF's first interactive feature in Kiswahili that empowers the young to make good life choices.

New red iPod Nano comes into the market
(News Article; Global)
5 Nov 2006
Xinhua
Apple Computer Inc. will donate 10 U.S. dollars from every sale of a new red 8-gigabyte version of its tiny iPod nano digital music player to RED, an anti-AIDS organization.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH RESEARCH

Maternal mortality in India: 1997-2003
(News Article; Asia)
New Dehli, India, Registrar General, 2006
Related News Article: Muslim infant and maternal mortality rate lower in India
Deaths due to pregnancy and child birth are common among women of reproductive age. Reduction of mortality of women has thus been an area of concern, and governments across the globe have set targets to achieve it. The International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 recommended reduction in maternal mortality by at least 50 per cent of the 1990 levels by the year 2000 and further one half by the year 2015. The Millennium Development Goals have set the target of achieving 200 maternal deaths per hundred thousand live births by 2007 and 109 per hundred thousand live births by 2015.

Community based peer counsellors for support of exclusive breastfeeding: Experiences from rural Uganda
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
International Breastfeeding Journal. 2006 Oct 20;1:19.
Nankunda J | Tumwine JK | Soltvedt A | Semiyaga N | Ndeezi G | Tylleskar T
The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of training community based peer counsellors to support exclusive breastfeeding in a rural district in Uganda. The trainees offered breastfeeding support to 15 mothers each within the first two months. They identified common breastfeeding problems as "insufficient breast milk", sore nipples, breast engorgement, mastitis and poor positioning at the breast. They further observed that most of these problems were eased by correct positioning of the baby at the breast. The peer counsellors were easily accepted by their communities.

Infant mortality in Armenia, 1992-2003
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Asia)
Economics & Human Biology. 2006 Dec;4(3):351-358.
Hakobyan M | Mkrtchyana A | Yepiskoposyan L
Health system reforms have occured in Armenia. This study aimed to assess trends in health indicators and ascertain if the changes in socio-economic systems affected the health status of infants as the most vulnerable part of the population. The authors found that infant mortality had fallen between 1992 and 2003 in spite of the difficult economic circumstances, and thanks to health care procedures that were introduced. Attention is paid to the underreporting of infants’ death cases in the state registration system as well as to estimating the role of different factors influencing infant mortality in Armenia.

Correlation between air pollution and postneonatal mortality in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan.
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Asia)
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2006 Nov;69(22):2033-2040.
Yang CY | Hsieh HJ | Tsai SS | Wu TN | Chiu HF
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and postneonatal mortality in Taipei, Taiwan. The air pollutants examined included particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The risk of postneonatal deaths was estimated to increase by 3.1% for PM10, 4.1% for SO2, 1.7% for NO2, 3.8% for CO, and 0.1% for O3 for each interquartile range change, respectively. However, the associations were without statistical significance.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NEWS

Ghana: Casting a wider net for health
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
02 Nov 2006
Reuters AlertNet
Ghana has launched a national health campaign to protect millions of children against malaria and other life-threatening diseases through immunizations and distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets. More than five million children under the age of five will be vaccinated against measles and polio and will receive Vitamin A supplements to help boost their immunity. Five thousand children in the country's three northern regions will also be given de-worming medication.

Call for birth drugs in developing world: Malaysia health meeting
(News Article; Asia)
8 Nov 2006
Today Online
Women's health experts have called for drugs to be made available to developing countries to reduce excessive bleeding after giving birth, the leading cause of maternal deaths worldwide. "Over 500,000 maternal deaths occur each year, and of that, some 30 percent is caused by excessive maternal bleeding, a condition called post-partum haemorrhage," said Andre Lalonde, from the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), which is holding its triennial congress in Malaysia.

India: Infant mortality rate down in State
(News Article; Asia)
9 Nov 2006
The Hindu
The infant mortality rate in Andhra Pradesh has come down to 53 per 1000 in 2005-06 from 59 per 1000 in 2004. This achievement can be attributed to increased health awareness among mothers and institutional deliveries ensured under different schemes.

MEN'S HEALTH NEWS

India: With time, more men accept NSV
(News Article; Asia)
6 Nov 2006
The Telegraph
No Scalpel Vasectomy (NSV), a unique family planning method for men that was introduced in Calcutta two years ago, is slowly getting acceptance. In the first year, only 432 vasectomies were performed. But the number increased to 2,054 in 2005-06, thanks to the massive awareness campaign launched by the state health department.

Contraception as an option for the man
(News Article; Global)
7 Nov 2006
New York Times
Ben Kleinman plans to marry next year, and already he looks forward to starting a family. But he knows that there will come a day when he and his wife do not want more children, and that she may grow weary of shouldering the burden for contraception. His choices are likely to be very limited: religious use of condoms, inconvenient and breakable; or vasectomy, an invasive and often irreversible surgery. (Free registration required for full text access).

South Africa: Being gay in SA
(Feature Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
6 Nov 2006
News24
South Africa in 1996 was the first country to adopt a constitution that protects people from discrimination based on sexual orientation. Under its terms, the Constitutional Court ordered the government to legalize same sex marriage by year's end. Partly as a result, the country has the most open gay community on a continent where homosexuality is usually driven underground and portrayed as un-African -- an unwanted legacy of colonialism and white culture.

POPULATION RESEARCH

Urban and rural areas 2005 - Wall chart
(Fact Sheet; Global)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
New York, NY, United Nations, 2006
This wall chart on urban and rural areas shows estimates and projections of the urban and rural populations for all countries in 2005 and 2030, as well as estimates of current (2000-2005) rates of change and information on the world's largest urban agglomerations.

Urban agglomerations 2005 - Wall chart
(Fact Sheet; Global)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
New York, NY, United Nations, 2006
This wall chart on urban agglomerations shows the evolution of the population from 1975 to 2015 (including an estimate for 2005) for all urban agglomerations of the world with more than 1 million inhabitants. The wall chart also contains the key findings of the World Urbanization Prospects 2005 Revision in narrative form.

Demographic development: Reversing course?
(Report; Global)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2006.
The lens of population age structure -- that is, the proportional size of different age groups within a population -- is useful for better understanding Nigeria’s development and that of many other countries. Age structures reflect a country’s present and past mortality and fertility trends, which can be extrapolated to broader health and development dynamics. Age structures also yield insights into national political and economic challenges, now and in the future.

POPULATION NEWS

The “Birth Dearth” is highly selective
(Feature Article; Global)
6 Nov 2006
SW News Herald
Declining birth rates are evident in many parts of the world. In Germany and Japan the total fertility rate is 1.4; in Italy, Russia and Spain it’s 1.3. But the birth dearth is far from universal, and some of the world’s poorest (such as Niger) and most populous (such as India) countries are still experiencing rapid population growth. And so the current world population of 6.5 billion will continue to zoom upward.

Iraq's birth rate soars despite obstacles
(Feature Article; Middle East)
7 Nov 2006
The Plain Dealer
Giving birth in Iraq is becoming increasingly complicated. Relentless fighting, spontaneous road closures and a nightly curfew are among mounting challenges expectant mothers and their families face. Despite these obstacles, the birth rate in Iraq has increased since the US-led invasion 43 months ago, according to the Health Ministry. In fact the rate of births in the country has jumped from 29 per 1,000 in 2003 to 37 per 1,000 last year.

Bangladesh: Population: Where is it heading to?
(Editorial; Asia)
4 Nov 2006
The Daily Star
What is the most pressing problem in Bangladesh today? The answer: political unrest, corruption, and violence. When the same question was asked over the last three decades, the answer usually given was rapid rise in population. Demographers could argue that in Bangladesh, where 144 million people are squeezed in an area of 55590 square miles, overpopulation is still the most pressing problem. The other problems can be seen as consequential evils of population pressure.

Philippines: Filipino workers benefit from ageing problem in foreign lands
(Feature Article; Asia)
3 Nov 2006
Balita
The emerging aging problem in the international community tends to benefit tens of thousands of Filipino migrant workers. Both Japan and Hawaii, for example, find themselves in need of nurses to care for an aging population.

India: Sex ratio in Haryana matter of concern, says Sobti
(News Article; Asia)
7 Nov 2006
Chandigarh Newsline
While addressing a national seminar, "Rapid Population Growth of Haryana State: Current Issues and Future Challenges," Vice-Chancellor Prof. R.C. Sobti said Haryana has carved a place of distinction for itself in terms of economic development. However, he also said the low sex ratio in Haryana was a matter of concern as the state has 861 females per 1,000 males.

WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH

Islamic politics, human rights and women's claims for equality in Iran
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Middle East)
Third World Quarterly. 2006 Oct;27(7):1223-1237.
Razavi S
Polemical assertions about the civilizational clash between Islam and Christianity, and Islam's incompatibility with human rights and gender equality are frequently heard these days. Political Islam, however, is far from homogeneous, and the modernist and reformist currents which have emerged in many diverse contexts often seek to embrace both human rights and gender equality. This paper analyzes the diverse currents of thinking that feed into the reformist orientation in Iran.

Ruling out gender equality? The post-Cold War rule of law agenda in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Third World Quarterly. 2006 Oct;27(7):1193-1207.
Nyamu-Musembi C
The post-cold war rule of law agenda in sub-Saharan Africa has not translated into reforms that enhance gender equality. The focus of reform efforts has reflected a post-cold war emphasis on creating a suitable legal and institutional environment for the market. In this climate any gains for gender equality have been limited and hard won.

WOMEN'S HEALTH NEWS

Barbados: Ministry addressing issues of sex work
(News Article; Central America and the Caribbean)
10 Nov 2006
The Barbados Advocate
The Barbados Ministry of Health plans to design and implement a comprehensive sex workers program, which will address the issues of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS education and behavioral change. Making reference to a project conceptualized by Ministry and CAREC-GTZ in 2002, Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Joy St. John revealed that they had already identified areas of sex work activities in Barbados and researched the attitudes and beliefs of sex workers with respect to HIV and STIs.

Putting women in charge
(News Article; Global)
6 Nov 2006
Financial Express
AS HIV infections among women escalate around the world, experts sound out a new call: Equip women with effective tools to protect themselves instead of being at the mercy of men who may or may not use safe sex methods. The key lies in more research on microbicides, which will empower women to take control of their bodies and lives.

Inflammatory breast cancer: The silent killer
(News Article; North America)
11 Nov 2006
WJZ
Women everywhere rely on mammograms to detect breast cancer, but there is a rare and extremely aggresive form of the disease that can kill quickly and is difficult for clinicians to detect. By the time, its symptoms first appear, the victim could be only months from death. It's called Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

YOUTH HEALTH RESEARCH

From the girl child to girls' rights
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Global)
Third World Quarterly. 2006 Oct;27(7):1285-1297.
Croll E
Within the development context, much of the new interest in girls has occurred under the rubric of "the girl child," which has become an increasingly common phrase on international and national platforms. This paper, based largely on field and documentary research across East, South, and Southeast Asia, suggests that this platform has not translated into effective, sustained or transformative national programs or local projects in support of girls.

Factors that shape young people's sexual behaviour: A systematic review
(News Article; Global)
The Lancet. 2006 Nov 4-2006 Nov 10;368(9547):1581-1586.
Marston C | King E
Related News Article: Analysis says why condom programs fail
This paper is a systematic review to identify key themes emerging from qualitative research to reveal how social and cultural forces shape young people's sexual behaviour, to help inform policymakers developing sexual health programs, and guide future research. Seven key themes emerged that do not seem to be exclusive to any particular country or cultural background, and all themes were present, in varying degrees, in all countries assessed. This study summarized key qualitative findings that help in understanding young people's sexual behavior; policymakers must take these into account when designing HIV programs.

YOUTH HEALTH NEWS

Tanzania: Gov't to amend girls' age consent for marriage
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
10 Nov 2006
Reuters AlertNet
The Tanzanian government is reviewing the country's Marriage Act with the aim of raising girls' age consent for marriage from 15 to 18 years, according to Deputy Justice and Constitutional Affairs Minister Mathias Chikawe. Chikawe also said the current Marriage Act was in conflict with several other local and international legal provisions.

Continuous Identification of Research Evidence (CIRE) Related to Family Planning Guidance

Hubacher D, Reyes V, Lillo S, Pierre-Louis B, and Zepeda A. Preventing copper intrauterine device removals due to side effects among first-time users: randomized trial to study the effect of prophylactic ibuprofen. Human Reproduction. 2006 Jun;21(6):1467-1472
Increased menstrual bleeding and pain are the primary side effects that lead to early removal of the copper intrauterine device (IUD). Ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are proven treatments for such IUD-induced problems, but their effect on early IUD removal is unknown. A total of 2019 first-time IUD users were recruited in Chile for this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Half of the participants were given ibuprofen and instructions to take 1200 mg daily during menses (for up to 5 days each cycle) for the first 6 months of IUD use. The other half were asked to take an identical appearing placebo in the same manner. The primary outcome was IUD removal within 12 months of insertion. A total of 1011 and 1008 women were randomly assigned to ibuprofen and placebo, respectively. During 12 months of observation, 190 had the device removed because of dysmenorrhoea and/or increased menstrual bleeding: 85 in the placebo group and 105 in the ibuprofen group. For ibuprofen users, the hazard ratio for removal for these IUD-induced side effects was 1.0 and 1.2 at 6 and 12 months, respectively (both not significant). Although increased menstrual bleeding and pain are common reasons for early IUD removal, prophylactic use of ibuprofen, at the dosage used here, does not reduce removal rates.

Link to CIRE evidence: http://www.infoforhealth.org/cire_pub.pl?cire_input=..menstrIUD.3053.4243.Y
Link to POPLINE record: http://db.jhuccp.org/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll?AC=CHANGE_DISPLAY&XC=/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll&BU=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.jhuccp.org%2Fics-wpd%2Fpopweb%2Fbasic.html&TN=popline&SN=AUTO12502&SE=1972&RN=0&MR=50&

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Volume 6, Number 4513 November 2006