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The Pop Reporter®

Volume 5, Number 21
23 May 2005

The Pop Reporter is now available in both CD-ROM (January 2004 to present) and print archives (past 6 months) formats. These items are intended for users in low-resource settings. For print or CD-ROM archives, contact rjacoby@jhuccp.org with your request and complete mailing address.

FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESEARCH

Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim
(Abstract)
Related News Article: Child Abuse Affects Men, Women Equally
U.S. researchers report the long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse are nearly identical for men as they are for women. Previous research had focused mainly on women and little information was available on male victims.



An Oral Fluid Test for Syphilis
(Abstract)
This study discusses the development of a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay to detect antibodies to Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens in oral fluid specimens. In a non-outbreak situation, screening clinic attendees for syphilis using oral fluid specimens is potentially useful when collection of blood is not practicable.



Thinking Aloud to Create Better Condom Use Questions
(Abstract)
The purpose of this study was to pretest a sexual behavior instrument to identify ways to improve comprehension and decrease recall and social desirability bias. Results indicated that (1) a lexicon of culturally appropriate terms for sex and partner types should be provided to interviewers, (2) recall of sexual behavior may be aided by using grids to record information, and (3) social desirability may be decreased if trust is established with the participants. Using the "think aloud" method to pretest instruments may help improve the validity of self-reported sex acts, but only more objective measures of condom use may help to quantify such improvements.



Incorrect Condom Use and Frequent Breakage Among Female Sex Workers and Their Clients
(Abstract)
This study assessed if female sex workers and their potential male clients in Cotonou, Benin, know how to use male condoms correctly. Findings show that correct condom use is suboptimal in these heavy consumers of male condoms in Benin. Condom breakage is frequent and is associated with incorrect use.



Why Are You Bringing up Condoms Now? The Effect of Message Content on Framing Effects of Condom Use Messages
(Abstract)
According to prospect theory (A. Tversky & D. Kahneman, 1981), messages advocating a low-risk (i.e., easy, low-cost) behavior are most effective if they stress the benefits of adherence (gain framed), whereas messages advocating a risky behavior are most effective if they stress the costs of nonadherence (loss framed). Study 1 compared ratings of condom use messages advocating relational behaviors (e.g., discussing condoms) or health behaviors (e.g., carrying condoms). As predicted, loss-framed relational messages and gain-framed health messages received higher evaluations. Study 2 offers a replication and evidence of issue involvement and gender as moderators.



Keeping up with Evidence: A New System for WHO’s Evidence-Based Family Planning Guidance
(Research Article)
Related Tool: CIRE Web Site
This article describes the methodology of the Continuous Identification of Research Evidence (CIRE) system and the process of developing WHO’s evidence-based guidelines with a real-life example of how an article identified by the CIRE system was used in creating new guidance. The CIRE system identifies new evidence that is relevant to current WHO family planning recommendations through ongoing review of the input to the POPulation information onLINE (POPLINE®) database. Using the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and standardized abstract forms, systematic reviews are conducted, peer-reviewed, and sent to WHO for further action. Since the system began in October 2002, 90 relevant new articles have been identified, leading to 43 systematic reviews, which were used during the 2003–2004 revisions of WHO’s family planning guidelines.



Extended-Cycle Oral Contraception: A New Option for Routine Use
(Abstract)
This article discusses extended use of oral contraceptive pills, which can successfully suppress endometrial activity and prevent menstruation for several months.

FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NEWS

Safe Sex Promoted at Cannes by American Filmmaker's Free Condom Handouts
(News Article)
The Cannes Film Festival is famous for its stunts and scandals, and this year was no different. A new party favor has emerged on the Tapis Rouge this year: free condoms. Producer James Hergott and the cast of his reality film, "All That I Need," have become known not only as film promoters, but promoters of safe sex with free condom handouts at the Cannes Film Festival.



New Zealand: No Rubba, No Hubba Safer Sex Campaign Stretched
(News Article)
The high awareness 'No Rubba No Hubba' safer sex advertisements will be returning to TV screens soon. The campaign, which ran for 3 months over summer, struck a cord with teenagers prompting half of those surveyed after the campaign, to say they are now more likely to use a condom if they have sex. The campaign was launched by Health Minister Annette King last November in an effort to reduce high rates of STIs in sexually active teenagers by encouraging them to use a condom every time they have sex.



Pakistan: Debating Islam and Family Planning
(News Article)
In a bid to win the support of religious groups in the country, Pakistan earlier this month convened a conference of key religious leaders and scholars from Islamic communities in 22 countries. The conference discussed the thorny issue of reducing high population growth within the framework of Islamic principles.

FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW AND POLICY

Canada: HIV Man Jailed for Sex
(News Article)
An HIV-positive man was sentenced to 4 1/2 years in prison yesterday for keeping his illness a secret from two women with whom he had sex.



Zimbabwe: Women Call for Law on HIV Status
(News Article)
Women have urged the government to come up with legislation that compels spouses to reveal their HIV status to each other.

HIV/AIDS RESEARCH

Psychological Distress Among AIDS Orphans in Rural Uganda
(Abstract)
This study investigated the psychosocial consequences of AIDS orphanhood in a rural district in Uganda and identified potential areas for future interventions. Orphans had significantly higher scores than non-orphans in areas regarded as particularly "sensitive" to the possible presence of a depressive disorder, i.e., vegetative symptoms, feelings of hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. High levels of psychological distress found in AIDS orphans suggest that material support alone is not sufficient for these children.



HIV Surveillance in Bangladesh: The Present Scenario
(Report)
This article reports on the most recent round of HIV surveillance in Bangladesh. Among the 10,445 persons tested, 35 (0.3%) were HIV infected. Among injecting drug users participating in a needle/syringe exchange program in one city, 4% were HIV infected, and in one neighbourhood in that city, 8.9% were HIV infected. Behaviors that can transmit HIV were common.



Organising AIDS in the Borderless World: A Case Study from the Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle
(Abstract)
This paper considers how the emergence of HIV as a problem in the Growth Triangle, and on Batam in particular, has been framed as a problem to be addressed in context of the nation-state rather than as a transnational problem that demands cooperation across borders. In conjunction with this, it focuses on further attempts to create boundaries around HIV, through the identification of risk groups, the localization of prostitutes and the distribution of condoms.



Epidemiologic Study on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Children in a Former Paid Plasma Donating Community in China
(Research Article)
This study, from the Chinese Medical Journal, determined the extent of HIV infections among young children in a rural community with a large proportion of plasma donors. No statistically significant associations were found between children’s HIV infection and their histories of blood transfusion, surgery, immunization injection, or medical injections. HIV vertical transmissions in the rural former plasma donating community was significant.



Meta-Analysis of High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Persons Aware and Unaware They Are Infected With HIV in the United States
(Abstract)
Related News Article: Untested HIV-positive Individuals More Than Twice as Likely to Engage in High-risk Sex Than Those Aware of Their HIV-positive Status
A meta-analysis of 11 studies has found that the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviour is between 53% to 68% lower in HIV-positive individuals aware of their status than in HIV-positive individuals unaware of their status.



Good Governance and Good Health: The Role of Societal Structures in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pandemic
(Research Article)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
This article tested the following null hypothesis: "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence is not associated with governance". Governance was measured according to six dimensions from a recently published World Bank paper; the 2002 adult HIV prevalence estimates were obtained from UNAIDS. HIV prevalence was significantly associated with poor governance: The null hypothesis was rejected for each dimension of governance for all 149 countries with UNAIDS HIV prevalence estimates.

HIV/AIDS NEWS

Zambia: Community Project Mitigates Impact of HIV/AIDS, Job Losses
(News Article)
A community-based project is mitigating the combined impact of widespread job losses and the HIV/AIDS epidemic on a former mining community in the central town of Kabwe.



Cote d' Ivoire: Muslims Seek to Break Down Prejudice by Speaking Out on HIV/AIDS
(Feature Article)
A series of conferences aimed at discussing Islam's position on HIV/AIDS seek to underline the alarming spread of the epidemic in Cote d'Ivoire, which has been in the grip of civil war for nearly 3 years.



Latvia: The Changing Face of AIDS
(Feature Article)
Though still predominantly a male illness (men account for 73% of the 3,000 infections registered in Latvia by the end of 2004), HIV/AIDS is increasingly become a female problem. Young Latvian women are four times more likely to get HIV than men are. This article explores why.



Two New HIV-related Viruses in Africa
(News Article)
Two new retroviruses related to HIV have been found in men who hunt apes in Cameroon by researchers at Johns Hopkins University.



Filipinos Highly Misinformed about AIDS: Survey
(News Article)
Most Filipinos still believe HIV/AIDS can be transmitted by a mosquito bite or by sharing the food of an infected person, a government survey showed recently.



U.S. Backs Off Stipulation on AIDS Funds
(News Article)
The Bush administration pulled back from a plan that would have required thousands of grass-roots AIDS organizations working overseas and partly financed by U.S. money to publicly declare their opposition to prostitution and sex trafficking.



AIDS 'Kills One in Three' in SA
(News Article)
Related News Article: No Comment on MRC AIDS Findings
Almost one in three deaths in South Africa are caused by Aids making it the leading killer, according to an unreleased report by South Africa's Medical Research Council. The health department declined to comment; a spokesperson said, "The (MRC) report has not been released officially, which means the minister and the director-general haven't seen it yet. We therefore cannot comment."



UK: 'Don't Care' Culture Helps Spread of HIV
(News Article)
Cases of HIV have risen by more than 500% in just 4 years across Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, and Norfolk, the Strategic Health Authority report reveals. One doctor has blamed binge drinking for relaxed attitudes towards unsafe sex.



Jamaica: AIDS Stigma Shunned - Business Leaders Join Fight to End Discrimination
(News Article)
Senior business leaders recently said that the time has come to end the widespread stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH RESEARCH

Does Pregnancy Provide Immunity from Intimate Partner Abuse Among Hong Kong Chinese Women?
(Abstract)
The level of intimate partner abuse that occurs in Hong Kong Chinese families and the type, nature, and severity of abuse are investigated here. Analysis of the data indicated that 134 (11.2%) of the women had experienced abuse during pregnancy. Women who were younger, born in Hong Kong, single or cohabiting, had poor socio-economic status, a poor partner relationship, and an unplanned pregnancy were more likely to be abused based on multiple logistic regression models of various nature and type of abuse.



Perinatal Mortality in Developing Countries
(Commentary)
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In this "Perspective" article from the New England Journal of Medicine, a medical officer from the WHO details the numbers, causes, and possible solutions for high neonatal mortality rates in developing countries.



Birth Spacing and Neonatal Mortality in India
(Report)
In this report from RAND, a dynamic panel data model of neonatal mortality and birth spacing is analyzed, accounting for causal effects of birth spacing on subsequent mortality and of mortality on the next birth interval, while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity in mortality (frailty) and birth spacing (fecundity).



Posting of Trained Birthing Attendants: A Comparison of Home- and Facility-based Obstetric Care
(Research Article)
The authors conducted an historical cohort study between 1987 and 2001 in Matlab where both home- and facility-based obstetric care approaches had been implemented. The findings revealed marked differences in the use of professional attendants according to wealth quintile, mother’s and father’s education, and distance to the attendant. Interestingly, the differences were similar for home- and facility-based obstetric care.



Lifestyle Practices of Jordanian Pregnant Women
(Abstract)
This study describes the health-promoting lifestyle behaviors of Jordanian pregnant women. The women reported high scores on health responsibility and self-actualization, moderate scores on interpersonal support and nutrition, and low scores on physical activity and stress management behaviors.



Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Utilization in Guatemala: Implications for Service Integration
(Abstract)
This study uses data from the 1995/96 Guatemalan Demographic Health Survey and its 1997 Providers Census to test the influence of maternal child health (MCH) service utilization on individual contraceptive use decisions. The results of the analysis indicate that the intensity of MCH service use is positively associated with subsequent contraceptive use among Guatemalan women, even after controlling for observed and unobserved individual- , household- , and community-level factors.



An Intervention Involving Traditional Birth Attendants and Perinatal and Maternal Mortality in Pakistan
(Abstract)
Researchers performed a cluster-randomized, controlled trial involving seven subdistricts (talukas) of a rural district in Pakistan. They found that training traditional birth attendants and integrating them into an improved health care system were achievable and effective in reducing perinatal mortality. They suggest that this model could result in large improvements in perinatal and maternal health in developing countries.



Quality of Child Health Care and Under-five-mortality in Zambia: A Case Study of Two Districts in Luapula Province
(Research Article)
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This study was intended to investigate the factors associated with the high under-five mortality in one province of Zambia. Specifically the study (a) Identifies predominant traditional cultural beliefs and perceptions concerning main causes of child deaths; (b) assesses quality of health care services; and, (c) determines the causes of death among children under-five years. Multiple data collection instruments were used to collect the necessary information about 360 deaths. Findings indicate that most children died before the second year of life with more than 50% dying before their first birthday. The paper argues that most of the deaths could have been averted had quality health care been provided.



Preventing HIV Transmission to Children: Quality of Counselling of Mothers in South Africa
(Research Article)
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This paper presents the results of a study examining the quality of voluntary counselling and testing in three prevention of mother-to-childtransmission sites across South Africa.



A Study of the Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Related Conditions in Pregnant Women Attending a Sexual Health Service
(Abstract)
A retrospective study was undertaken of all women attending a sexual health service during their pregnancies in the year 2000 in order to find the prevalence of STIs and other conditions commonly screened for in sexual health services among this population. This study shows the prevalence of STIs to be significantly higher among the pregnant women as compared with all women attending. A trend towards more frequent occurrence of an STI was seen with increasing gestation and young age.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NEWS

World Vision Improving Health of Pregnant Women in Darfur
(News Article)
World Vision's efforts to improve the health of pregnant and lactating women in Nyala, South Darfur, are having a broad impact. An intense campaign in the last 2 months has doubled the number of pregnant women visiting World Vision heath clinics for antenatal care. The increase in visits has resulted in a sharp increase of deliveries at the clinics and a high number of hygienic and safe deliveries assisted by skilled midwives at the three displacement camps near Nyala Town.



South Africa: Maternal Mortality Rate a Concern
(News Article)
The high number of deaths of pregnant women during labour is a major concern and could delay the development of the country, said Gauteng's health minister at the Midwifery and Obstetrics Conference recently.

MEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH

Extramarital Sex Among Nigerian Men
(Abstract)
This study examined risk factors for extramarital sex among Nigerian men, with a particular focus on polygyny and peri- and postpartum abstinence. Data from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed for 1,153 men and their wives. Eleven percent of men reported extramarital sex in the previous year. Logistic regression models showed that men with three or more wives were at the greatest risk for extramarital sex, followed by monogamous men, when compared with men with two wives.



No Serological Evidence of Association between Prostate Cancer and Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 or Human Herpesvirus Type 8: A Nested Case-Control Study
(Abstract)
An association between prostate cancer and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) or Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infections has previously been reported. Linkage of data on a cohort of 20,243 healthy Finnish men identified 165 cases of prostate cancer that were diagnosed up to 24 years after donation of a serum sample. Serum levels of immunoglobulin G against HSV-2 and HHV-8 were determined. Neither HSV-2 infection nor HHV-8 infection was associated with prostate cancer.

MEN'S HEALTH NEWS

South Africa: AIDS Impact on Miners Revealed
(News Article)
An estimated 30% of South Africa's mine workers are living with HIV/AIDS, Minerals and Energy Minister Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka told parliament recently.



China: 20% of Gay Men Use Condoms During Sex in Shenzhen
(News Article)
A new survey reports that only 20% of gay men in China's southern boomtown of Shenzhen, a popular place for homosexuals, use condoms every time they have sex. The survey polled 220 gay men and was conducted by the city's Disease Prevention and Control Center, the South China Morning Post reported.



What Kind of a Man Are You? Can't You Wear a Condom?
(News Article)
One of India's biggest anti-AIDS ad campaigns is asking the provoking questions: What kind of a man are you? The type who wears a condom and protects his partner from the risk of HIV or the type who doesn't care? The campaign, launched on Monday, is in seven languages: Hindi, English, Bengali, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Marathi. It includes a music video with the song Maati from the album Mann ke Manjeere sung by Shubha Mudgal.



Macho Attitudes Hamper Swaziland's AIDS Fight
(News Article)
In a country whose absolute monarch chooses a new bare-breasted maiden to wed each year, persuading men to stick to one sexual partner is difficult, even with lives at stake.



China: Free AIDS Tests Offered to Gay Men
(News Article)
South China's Guangdong Province recently began providing free and confidential access to AIDS and HIV tests to gay men.

POPULATION RESEARCH

Child Schooling and Contraceptive Use in Rural Africa: A Ghanaian Case Study
(Abstract)
In this study, the author examines the contributions of childrens' schooling to fertility decline in Africa. Ccross-sectional data was collected in the late 1980s to look at how household child schooling patterns and community access to schools affect contraceptive use among rural Ghanaian women. The results indicate that the schooling of children is associated very strongly with increased use of modern and traditional contraceptive use and thereby suggest that educational policy has played a role in initiating and sustaining fertility decline in Ghana and possibly elsewhere in Africa.



The Evolution of Population Policies in Kenya and Malawi
(Abstract)
The authors provide case studies of the evolution of population policies in Kenya and Malawi to offer insights into the interaction between the global population movement and national governments. They found a common repertory of movement strategies to influence the governments of Kenya and Malawi to adopt a neo-Malthusian population policy and to implement a family planning program. However, these strategies were promoted more or less aggressively depending on the national response and the chronological period. National responses were related to differences in the governments approaches to nation-building, their willingness to accept foreign influence and the importance they placed on preserving cultural traditions, and to their assessment of benefits they would gain from responding favorably to movement proposals.

POPULATION NEWS

Parents Should Be Allowed to Select the Sex of Their Children, Scientists Say
(News Article)
Leading scientists who made breakthroughs in genetics and fertility have demanded that Britain end its ban on couples choosing the sex of IVF babies.

WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH

Age-Specific Incidence and Clearance of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections in Women in the Former Soviet Union
(Abstract)
This is an analysis of the age-specific incidence and clearance rates of high-risk (HR) HPV infections in 448 women participating in a multi-center screening study in three New Independent States countries. The accumulation of incident HR HPV infections was found to be significantly age-related, whereas virus clearance remains constant between 15 and 60 years of age.



Higher Vaginal pH is Associated with Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in Women: A Prospective Case–Controlled Study
(Abstract)
This study analyzed the association of vaginal pH and chlamydial infection in women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. Chlamydial infection in women was associated with a higher vaginal pH level, independent of any other factors.



Risky Sexual Behavior among Female Entertainment Workers in China: Implications for HIV/STD Prevention Intervention
(Abstract)
Using qualitative information from in–depth interviews of 40 female entertainment workers (FEWs) in Shanghai, this article explores factors associated with unprotected sex and barriers to consistent condom use among FEWs. Results suggest that not all FEWs were at high risk, nor did they all engage in unprotected sex for the same reasons. Factors contributing to unprotected sex included lack of HIV transmission knowledge, economic hardship, client refusal/coercion, and control by pimps/establishment owners.



Jordanian Married Muslim Women's Intentions to use Oral Contraceptives
(Abstract)
The relationships between married Jordanian Muslim women's previous contraceptive use, type of experience, and intention to use oral contraceptives (OCs) were examined. The relationship between selected demographic variables and intention to use OCs was also examined. Results revealed a significant relationship between previous oral contraceptive use and intention to use OCs. The relationships between type of experience, whether successful or unsuccessful, with previous OC use, and intention to use OCs were not significant.



Women's Empowerment: Measuring the Global Gender Gap
(Report)
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Related News Article: Egypt: Mixed Reaction to WEF Report on Women's Status
This study provides a benchmarking tool to assess the size of the gender gap, ranking countries according to the level of advancement of their female population. In a related article, Egypt’s National Council for Women, a government-affiliated group, has expressed scepticism over the report, which states that the country has the largest economic and social disparity between the sexes of almost 60 countries studied.



Women’s Reproductive Health, Sociocultural Context and AIDS Knowledge in Northern India
(Abstract)
This paper identifies sociocultural and reproductive health correlates of knowledge about HIV among ever-married women using 1998–99 National Family Health Survey data from two low HIV prevalence Indian states, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. In both states, those who were less likely to possess HIV awareness were older, uneducated, rural, poor, women not exposed to television, and women who had never used a modern family planning method.

WOMEN'S HEALTH NEWS

Pakistan: Confronting 'Honour' Killing in Balochistan
(News Article)
The international NGO, Oxfam, has launched a campaign to fight the increasingly common practice of ‘honor’ killings in Pakistan’s remote southern province of Balochistan.



Kuwait Grants Women Right to Vote
(News Article)
Kuwait's parliament passed a law recently granting women the right to vote and run in elections for the first time, after pressure from the pro-Western Gulf Arab state's government.

YOUTH HEALTH RESEARCH

Using Global Media to Reach Youth: The 2002 MTV Staying Alive Campaign
(Report)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
In an evaluation of the 2002 "Staying Alive" campaign, FHI/YouthNet found clear evidence that this massive global campaign had significant impact on interpersonal communications about HIV/AIDS and also affected social norms in some cases. These findings are based on a population-based analysis in three diverse countries, using pre- and postcampaign surveys as well as focus group discussions. The results of this study are presented here in the context of what has come to be called the "global youth culture."

YOUTH HEALTH NEWS

Namibia: 'Rural Areas, Youth in Need of HIV And Sex Education'
(News Article)
Deputy Minister for Youth, National Service, Sports and Culture, Pohamba Shifeta, recently highlighted the urgent need for greater HIV education and prevention services for youth.



Bangladesh: Realistic Issues in Adolescents’ Lives
(News Article)
The TV Magazine program, Amra Shobai Jante Chai, launched recently, was developed with extensive adolescent involvement and touches realistically on the relevant issues in adolescent's lives.



UK: Condom Confusion 'Poses Health Risk'
(News Article)
Young people are increasing their chances of catching STIs because they are not using condoms properly or are using them inconsistently. Only 37% of sexually active young men said they used condoms whenever they had sex, according to the study from the Centre for Sexual Health Research at the University of Southampton, which surveyed more than 1,300 young people aged 16 to 18. Researchers discovered that 52% of youngsters questioned wrongly believed that chlamydia, the most common STI in the UK, only affected women. More than half (54%) did not know that the emergency contraception could be taken up to 72 hours after having sex. Just under a third (31%) thought that STIs could be caught from a toilet seat.



South Africa: New Ways of Combating HIV/AIDS Bear Fruit
(News Article)
As young people continue to bear the brunt of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, a pilot project in South Africa's province of KwaZulu-Natal is working with families to teach children how to reduce risky behaviour before they reach puberty.



Merck Cervical Cancer Virus Vaccine Performs Well
(News Article)
Drugmaker Merck & Co. Inc. recently said its investigational vaccine against a sexually transmitted virus linked to cervical cancer triggered a stronger immune response in young adolescents than in young women in a late-stage trial.

SPECIAL REPORTS/PROFILES/RESOURCES

Youth Participation Guide: Assessment, Planning, and Implementation
(Tool)
The Youth Participation Guide, from Family Health International, seeks to increase the level of meaningful youth participation in reproductive health and HIV/AIDS programming at an institutional and programmatic level. The target audience includes senior and middle management, program managers, staff involved in implementing activities, and youth who may be engaged at all levels of an organization's work.



Task Force on HIV/AIDS, Malaria, TB, and Access to Essential Medicines, Working Group on HIV/AIDS: Combating AIDS in the Developing World
(Report)
This 178-page report from the Working Group on HIV/AIDS of the project's Task Force on HIV/AIDS, Malaria, TB and Access to Essential Medicines examines the world's progress toward meeting the U.N. Millennium Development Goal of halting and beginning to reverse the spread of HIV by 2015.



AIDS Vaccine Handbook 2nd Edition: Global Perspectives
(Tool)
This handbook, which was released in conjunction with the eighth annual HIV Vaccine Awareness Day, aims to provide an overview of the key scientific, political, social, ethical and economic challenges of vaccine research.

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