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Volume 5, Number 25
20 June 2005
The Pop Reporter is now available in both CD-ROM (January 2004 to present) and print archives (past 6 months) formats. These items are intended for users in low-resource settings. For print or CD-ROM archives, contact Ghazaleh Samandari at gsamanda@jhuccp.org with your request and complete mailing address.
FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESEARCH
HIV in Couples in South India; Implications for Prevention
(Abstract)
This is a study of HIV prevalence in couples in Chennai, India. In 56%, both partners were infected. Among discordant couples, 35 men and 7 women were infected. Heterosexual intercourse is the primary risk factor. Concordance was related to sex with commercial sex workers for men and to genital ulcer disease for women. Median CD4 count was 97 cells/mm3 among concordant men, 222 cells/mm3 among discordant men. Condom use increased, and frequency of sexual intercourse decreased, among all couples after HIV diagnosis.
Operational and Economic Evaluation of an NGO-led Sexually Transmitted Infections Intervention: North-western Cambodia 
(Research Article)
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Researchers conducted an evaluation of the operational performance and costs of STI services offered by an NGO in Banteay Meanchey province, Cambodia, between 1997 and 1999. Effectiveness outcomes (syndromic cure rates of STIs) were obtained by retrospectively analysing patients’ records. Annual financial and economic costs were estimated from the provider’s perspective. Over 30 months, 11,330 patients attended the clinics; of these, 7,776 (69%) were STI index patients and only 1,012 (13%) were female sex workers. Syndromic cure rates ranged from 39% among female sex workers with genital ulcers to 74% among men with genital discharge. The average cost per visit over 30 months was US$25.12, and the cost per partner treated for an STI was US$50.79. The average cost per STI syndrome treated was US$48.43, of which US$4.92 was for drug treatment. This program was only partly successful in reaching its intended target population of sex workers and their male partners. Decreasing cure rates among sex workers led to relatively poor cost–effectiveness outcomes overall despite decreasing unit costs.
Can Women's Autonomy Impede Male Involvement in Pregnancy Health in Katmandu, Nepal?
(Abstract)
This study was conducted to assess whether women's empowerment programs had an impact on joint decision making and male involvement during pregnancy; 592 pregnant women receiving antenatal services at a large maternity hospital were administered a questionnaire focusing on household decision-making and husbands’ roles during pregnancy. The results indicate that programs intended to increase women's empowerment and/or women's health must consider the dynamics and ramifications of including or excluding males in their efforts. Involving husbands and encouraging couples’ joint decision-making in reproductive and family health may provide an important strategy in achieving both women's empowerment and women's health goals.
Legal Regulation of Marital Relations: An Historical and Comparative Approach
(Abstract)
How have the legal regulations of marriage evolved over time in different countries? To answer this question, various sources from legal codes, case studies and 40 reports to the Commission to Eliminate Discrimination against Women were analysed. Marriage codes, be they western, Islamic or Chinese, traditionally obliged the wife to obey the husband by Divine law. During the age of Atlantic revolutions, laws generally made this obedience more binding before relaxing constraints to give more freedom to wives at the beginning of the twentieth century and even complete equality in a few countries by 1920. In 2003, 83 countries had egalitarian marriage rights, 38 admitted the husband as the head of the family and 57 maintained the obligatory obedience of the wife. If legal equality within marriage had progressed in Europe and America, it still is an objective in half the other countries.
FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NEWS
Tsunami Moms Hope to Reverse Sterilization
(News Article)
Forty percent of Sri Lanka's dead were children, and now women who surgically had ended fertility beg to rebuild wrecked families.
MedTech Products Ltd. to Introduce the V/A Worn-of-Women(R) Feminine Condom in Europe
(Press Release)
MedTech Products Ltd. announced that its revolutionary V/A Worn-of-Women® (V/A) condom, the first-ever latex condom for women, will be available in Europe on the first day of summer. Beginning June 21, women can place their advance orders for 12-packs of V/A, online at www.vawow.com. The V/A condoms are expected to be in stores throughout Europe by late July.
Malaysia: Women Urged to Take Charge of Contraception
(News Article)
"Yasmin Take Charge!" — this is the latest campaign by the Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society of Malaysia to educate women and their partners on family planning.
No Sex Education Please, We're Indians: Minister
(News Article)
If the State's Basic Education Minister, Kiran Pal Singh, had his way, there would be no sex education in school as "it is against our culture". Instead, he would teach "courses like yoga and sadhna".
New Zealand: FPA Makes Admission on 'Hubba' Campaign
(News Article)
Family Planning's Dr. Christine Roke conceded in an interview that the chances of catching Chlamydia, gonorrhea, or herpes through a condom may be as high as 60%. "But I would have thought that even 40% protection still made condoms worth using," Dr. Roke was quoted as saying. Asked whether the Hubba website and TV ads were being "honest" to young people when the chances of infection when using a condom were still so high, Dr. Roke admitted that the Hubba campaign "may not be accurate enough".
Clinical Trial of the World's First Contraceptive Spray for Women - Acrux and Population Council Announce Positive Data
(Press Release)
The Population Council Inc., an international research organization based in New York, and Acrux Limited, the Australian pharmaceutical company that specializes in administering drugs through the skin, announced at BIO 2005 positive results from the first clinical study of a novel contraceptive spray for women.
US: Abstinence Education Programs Increased Youth's Support for Abstinence
(News Article)
Related Report: First-year Impacts of Four Title V, Section 510 Abstinence Education Programs
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Related News Article: 'Abstinence-Only' Sex Ed May Change Attitudes
Related Press Release: Government Acting Like "Flat Earth Society," Promoting Abstinence-Only Programs: Study Demonstrates No Evidence of Increasing Youth's Intention to Remain Abstinent
The initial findings from a 1-year followup of 2,310 students participating in an evaluation of four abstinence-only education programs show that the programs increased support for abstinence. The evidence on whether programs raised expectations to abstain is less clear. Because of the young age at which youth started participating in the programs, estimates of program impacts on sexual activity are not yet available but will be presented in the final evaluation report in 2006.
Uganda: Back Condom Use, Museveni Urges Catholic Leaders
(News Article)
Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni has called on the Catholic Church to drop its opposition to the use of condoms as they are one of the primary ways of fighting the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Brazil Tries to Stem Tide of Sex Slavery
(News Article)
Brazil is on a mission to end its status as Latin America's largest supplier of sex slaves. In recent months the government has joined international sting operations, passed a new law and launched a media campaign.
Most Malaysians Ignorant about Sexual Health, Says Doc
(News Article)
Malaysians are largely ignorant about their reproductive and sexual health, according to Federation of Family Planning Associations of Malaysia secretary-general Dr. Mary Huang.
India: Preaching through the Mass Media
(Feature Article)
With a church planning to do a film to address the AIDS issue, the role of religious bodies in tackling social ills gets a new dimension.
FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW AND POLICY
US: LA County will Sell Syringes Over-the-counter to Combat HIV
(News Article)
The county will allow pharmacies that register with its Department of Health Services to sell syringes over-the-counter in an attempt to slow the spread of HIV and other infections that can be transmitted through needles shared by drug users.
AIDS Policies Must Evolve to Meet "Second-Wave" Pandemic
(Feature Article)
New challenges in the fight against the global AIDS pandemic involving so-called "second-wave" countries might alter present U.S. strategies to combat the disease, even as the work goes on to implement the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in focus countries and beyond.
HIV/AIDS RESEARCH
HIV/AIDS: Occupational Risk, Attitude and Behavior of Surgeons in Southeast Nigeria
(Abstract)
This study evaluated the level of occupational risk, attitude, and behavior of surgeons towards HIV-infected patients. Findings suggest that to achieve a greater commitment from surgeons in developing countries towards caring for HIV-infected patients, there is a need for a comprehensive AIDS management package that would offer specific preventive and psychological training in care of HIV patients and provide requisite funds and resources.
Life Skills Training as HIV/AIDS Preventive Strategy in Secondary Schools: Evaluation of a Large-scale Implementation Process
(Abstract)
A life skills and HIV/AIDS education program was implemented in secondary schools as a strategy to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS among school-going young people in South Africa. Results showed that for various reasons the program was not implemented as planned. In an outcome evaluation over the period of a year, it was found that learners' knowledge of HIV/AIDS increased and their attitudes were more positive, although the changes may not be attributed to the program alone. In the post-test, more learners were sexually active, although preventive behavior did not increase.
Increasing Trends in HIV and TB Rates in Odessa and the Ukraine
(Abstract)
Notification rates for HIV and tuberculosis have increased in the Ukraine and particularly in Odessa. This article compares the two emerging and parallel epidemics.
Exploring Public Knowledge and Attitudes Towards HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia. A Survey of Primary Health Care Users
(Abstract)
This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the general public in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Although the majority of respondents correctly identified the main modes of HIV/AIDS transmission, there is a relative deficiency in their knowledge about the disease. The results indicate that this deficiency in knowledge and attitudes was associated with some of their demographic characteristics such as their gender, level of education, ages, and nationality.
Is It Possible to Reduce AIDS Deaths Without Reinforcing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health?
(Abstract)
Researchers assessed trends in AIDS mortality in districts of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 1995 to 2002, to test their association with area-level socioeconomic indices in a city with a large-scale and cost-free distribution of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS mortality decreased in Sao Paulo from 32.1 deaths (per 100,000 inhabitants) in 1995 to 11.2 deaths in 2002. District-level figures of social development did not show an association with the annual percentage decrease in AIDS mortality.
HIV/AIDS NEWS
Malaysia HIV Measures Under Fire
(News Article)
Malaysia's Health Minister Chua Soi Lek has asked religious leaders to drop their opposition to moves to contain the spread of HIV.
Tanzania: Free ARVs for 100,000 by 2006, Prime Minister Says
(News Article)
At least 100,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania will receive anti-retroviral drugs free of charge by the end of 2006, Prime Minister Frederick Sumaye announced recently.
Nigeria: Patient Fees Prevent Access to AIDS Drugs, Activists Say
(News Article)
Patient fees are deterring poverty-stricken Nigerians from participating in a government-subsidized scheme to provide HIV/AIDS medication, according to a coalition campaigning for free access to the life prolonging drugs.
Zimbabwe Study Reports Drop in AIDS
(News Article)
Zimbabwe's HIV/AIDS prevalence rate has declined from 24.6% 2 years ago to 21.3%, due to greater AIDS awareness and changed sexual behavior, according to a new study.
China AIDS Workers Face Harassment, Threats-Rights Group
(News Article)
Chinese AIDS activists face harassment, censorship and detentions in their work, persecution that hampers China's fight against the disease, a human rights group said recently.
China: Nine Steps Set for Fighting AIDS
(News Article)
Chinese State Council underscored the importance of fighting HIV/AIDS by setting forth nine steps for prevention and control.
"Africa's Fatal Sexual Culture Spreads AIDS"
(News Article)
"Living with AIDS," a documentary set to air in the UK, tackles the complex issue of the sexual culture in Africa.
Benin: New More Sophisticated Survey Shows Much Lower HIV Prevalence Figure
(News Article)
A newly published official survey of AIDS in Benin has revealed an HIV prevalance rate of 2%, less than half the infection rate of 4.1% that had previously been reported.
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Exceeding Goals, Tobias Says
(News Article)
President Bush’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has marked a "turning point" in the fight against the deadly virus and is exceeding its goals on anti-retroviral treatment, Ambassador Randall Tobias, the U.S. AIDS coordinator, told reporters in a press briefing.
Syria: Focus on HIV/AIDS
(News Article)
Syria is a low prevalence rate country for HIV/AIDS, but efforts to tackle the issue are being stepped up.
Niger: Hazardous Sex and No AIDS Treatment in Frontier Trucking Town
(Feature Article)
AIDS is rampant in Birnin-Konni, a local trucking town that is the epicentre of the sex trade in Niger.
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH RESEARCH
Effect of Vitamin Supplementation to HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on the Micronutrient Status of Their Infants
(Abstract)
Researchers examined whether supplementation with vitamin A and/or vitamins B, C, and E to HIV-infected women during pregnancy and lactation is related to increased concentrations of vitamins A, B12, and E in their infants during the first 6 months of life. Results prove vitamin supplementation to HIV-1-infected women is effective in improving the vitamin status of infants during the first 6 months of age.
Infant Feeding Patterns and Risks of Death and Hospitalization in the First Half of Infancy: Multicentre Cohort Study
(Research Article)
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This paper is based on a secondary analysis of data from a multicentre randomized controlled trial on immunization-linked vitamin A supplementation. Altogether, 9,424 infants and their mothers (2,919 in Ghana, 4,000 in India, and 2,505 in Peru) were enrolled when infants were 18–42 days old in two urban slums in New Delhi, India, a periurban shanty town in Lima, Peru, and 37 villages in the Kintampo district of Ghana. Mother–infant pairs were visited at home every 4 weeks from the time the infant received the first dose of oral polio vaccine and diphtheria–pertussis–tetanus at the age of 6 weeks in Ghana and India and at the age of 10 weeks in Peru. There was no significant difference in the risk of death between children who were exclusively breastfed and those who were predominantly breastfed. Non-breastfed infants had a higher risk of dying when compared with those who had been predominantly breastfed.
Prospective Study on the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 1996 to 2001
(Research Article)
This prospective study, involving 76 pregnant women infected with HIV, paired with their 79 exposed infants, was carried out between May 1996 and October 2001. ACTG 076 Protocol (AIDS Clinical Trial Group 076) was used in 80% of the pregnant women, with 100% adherence; 62% used zidovudine plus another antiretroviral in the gestation; 92% of the infants used zidovudine after the birth and 19% (14/73) used zidovudine and lamivudine. The transmission rate in this study was 2.5%.
Reliability of Data on Caesarean Sections in Developing Countries
(Research Article)
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The authors assessed the reliability of rates for caesarean section obtained from two data sources: women's self-report of a caesarean section in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and hospital-based data on caesarean secions collected in Unmet Obstetric Need studies. Data came from regional estimates between 199 and 1999 in six countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Haiti, Mali, Morocco, and Niger. The DHS rates for caesarean section were consistently higher than the facility-based rates. Recommendations for improvement of data quality are discussed for both methods.
National Maternal Mortality Ratio in Egypt Halved between 1992-93 and 2002
(Research Article)
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In this study, two surveys of maternal mortality conducted in Egypt, in 1992–93 and in 2000, collected data from a representative sample of health bureaus covering all of Egypt. The numbers of maternal deaths were determined and interviews conducted. The medical causes of death and avoidable factors were determined. Results showed that the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) had dropped by 52% within that period (from 174 to 84/100,000 live births). Consideration of the intermediate and outcome indicators suggests that the greatest effect of maternal health interventions was on the death-related avoidable factors "substandard care by health providers" and "delays in recognizing problems or seeking medical care".
No Cry at Birth: Global Estimates of Intrapartum Stillbirths and Intrapartum-related Neonatal Deaths
(Research Article)
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In this article from the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, the authors estimate the numbers of intrapartum-related neonatal deaths and intrapartum stillbirths in the year 2000. Sources of data on neonatal death included: vital registration (VR) data on neonatal death from countries with full (more than 90%) VR coverage (48 countries, n = 97,297); studies identified through literature searches (more than 4,000 abstracts) and meeting inclusion criteria (46 populations, 30 countries, n = 12,355). Intrapartum stillbirths were estimated using median cause-specific mortality rate by country (73 populations, 52 countries, n = 46,779) or the subregional median in the absence of country data. Intrapartum-related neonatal deaths were estimated at 0.904 million (uncertainty 0.65–1.17), equivalent to 23% of the global total of 4 million neonatal deaths. An estimated 1.02 million intrapartum stillbirths (0.66–1.48 million) occur annually, comprising 26% of global stillbirths. Intrapartum-related neonatal deaths account for almost 10% of deaths in children aged under 5 years.
Exclusion, Inequity and Health System Development: The Critical Emphases for Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health
(Editorial)
This editorial, from the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, addresses findings in the "World Health Report 2005" on mothers' and children's ill health.
Feeding Practices in 105 Counties of Rural China
(Abstract)
This study aimed to learn the feeding practice, to find the problems in child-feeding practice, and to provide evidence for the government to develop an approach to child malnutrition in rural China. The researchers found that breastfeeding was very common, but exclusive breastfeeding was quite low; exclusive breastfeeding for children under the age of 4 months decreased the risks of pneumonia and diarrhea. Rural people lacked health knowledge and were greatly influenced by traditional feeding practices.
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NEWS
Group Working to Bring Maternal Health Education to Rural Yemen
(Feature Article)
This article chronicles the activities of the Yemen Family Care Association aimed at helping mothers and children.
MEN'S HEALTH NEWS
Positive Marriage Vibes for HIV Men in India
(News Article)
HIV-positive men who placed matrimonial advertisements in newspapers in western India say they have received proposals from uninfected women who want to marry them for financial security or companionship.
POPULATION NEWS
Catholic Church Victorious in Italy Fertility Vote
(News Article)
An emotionally charged referendum intended to dismantle Italy's strict law on assisted fertility failed due to low turnout, in what was widely seen as a victory for the Roman Catholic Church.
WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH
Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study with Women in Serbia
(Abstract)
To better understand the health care needs of women, this study investigated knowledge of and perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening among Serbian women. Inadequate public health education, lack of patient-friendly health services, socio-cultural health beliefs, gender roles, and personal difficulties were the most salient barriers to screening.
Beyond Reproduction: Women's Health in Today's Developing World
(Abstract)
In this study, deaths associated with pregnancy and child birth, and HIV were compared with deaths due to three chronic disease categories (cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes). Findings indicate that extending the definition of women's health to include a concern for chronic diseases is critical if the needs of women in less developed nations are to be met.
Decisions Denied: Women’s Access to Contraceptives and Abortion in Argentina
(Report)
Related News Article: Argentina: Limits on Birth Control Threaten Human Rights
Argentina’s restrictions on access to contraceptives and abortion threaten women’s fundamental rights to life, health and equality, Human Rights Watch said in a new report.
WOMEN'S HEALTH NEWS
Uganda: Rape Rampant in Largest Northern IDP Camp
(News Article)
Related Report: Suffering in Silence: A Study of Sexual and Gender-based Violence in Pabbo IPD Camp, Gulu District, Northern Uganda
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At least 60% of women in the largest camp for internally displaced persons in war-torn northern Uganda have encountered some form of sexual and domestic violence, a new survey has revealed.
YOUTH HEALTH RESEARCH
A Drug Dosage Table is a Useful Tool to Facilitate Prescriptions of Antiretroviral Drugs for Children in Thailand
(Abstract)
This study describes (a) the formulation of a standardized drug dosage table to facilitate antiretroviral drug (ARV) prescriptions for children, (b) the acceptability of such a table among doctors and (c) the safety and efficacy of drug doses in the table. In this setting, a standardized drug dosage table provided a simple and reliable tool that facilitated ARV prescriptions for children.
Adolescents and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Knowledge and Behaviour in Italy
(Abstract)
This study evaluated knowledge and behavior in adolescents in Italy regarding prevention of STIs. Only 14.2% of respondents knew about the main STI and that they can be transmitted through sexual intercourse with HIV seropositive partners. The prevalence of using condoms every time during sexual intercourse was 51.8%, and such behavior was more likely in younger adolescents and males.
The Focus Group Method: Insights from Focus Group Interviews on Sexual Health with Adolescents
(Abstract)
This article concerns the manner in which group interaction during focus groups impacted upon the data generated in a study of adolescent sexual health. Findings show that at times during the interviews, episodes of acting-out, or presenting a particular image in the presence of others, can be highly revealing in attempting to understand the normative rules embedded in the culture from which participants are drawn.
Young People's Perspective of Reproductive Health Services at Three levels of Health Care in Anambra State. Nigeria
(Abstract)
This study assessed young peoples' perspective of reproductive health services in three levels of care in Nnewi, Nigeria. Results from 500 exit interviews conducted at three health facilities concluded that most of the young people were satisfied with the quality of services provided and thought that confidentiality and privacy were reasonably assured and opening hours were convenient. There was more dissension on the issues of cost of services and waiting time. The studied health facilities were youth friendly and could be easily scaled up for improved youth friendly services.
The MEMA kwa Vijana Project: Design of a Community Randomised Trial of an Innovative Adolescent Sexual Health Intervention in Rural Tanzania
(Abstract)
This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomised trial of the impact of an innovative sexual health intervention among adolescents in rural Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Behavior change interventions among adolescents have been widely advocated, but there have been few rigorously designed trials of their effectiveness, particularly in developing countries, and measurement of sexual behavior is particularly problematic in this age group. The MEMA kwa Vijana trial was undertaken to address these problems and to collect rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of an innovative intervention, designed to be implemented on a very large scale.
YOUTH HEALTH NEWS
Rise in Japan Teen Sex Ignites Education Debate
(News Article)
Nearly half of all 17-year-old girls in Japan have had sex, up from around 17% in 1990. For boys, the figure is 40%, nearly double the 1990 figure, according to Health Ministry data. A resulting jump in STDs among young people and rising teenage abortion rates have touched off debate about sex education in a nation where pornography is widely sold but taboos about frank discussions of sex linger. The debate pits those urging more detailed sex education against those who say schools are already far too explicit and some who want to promote U.S.-style abstinence-only education.
Mozambique: HIV/AIDS-Affected Children Need More Assistance
(News Article)
Non-governmental organizations in Mozambique are concerned that not enough is being done to assist the escalating number of children infected and affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Angola: Plight of Children Still Desperate, UNICEF Head
(Feature Article)
Angola still has one of the highest rates of child mortality in the world, says UN Children's Fund Country Representative, Mario Ferrari, and challenges relating to children remain huge.
Mali: Female Circumcision and Early Marriage Violate Human Rights, Women Activists Say
(Feature Article)
Early marriage and female genital mutilation are widely practiced in impoverished Mali where together they constitute the single biggest threat to the human rights of young girls, according to aid organizations.
SPECIAL REPORTS/PROFILES/RESOURCES
Data Online for Population, Health and Nutrition (DOLPHN)
(Tool)
Related News Article: DOLPHN Web Site
This web site offers recently updated Country Health Statistical Reports from the Data Online for Population, Health and Nutrition (DOLPHN) system, an online statistical data resource containing selected current and historical country-level demographic and health indicator data. They contain statistical data on current health conditions, population dynamics, health and family planning behavior, and health and population trends in a given developing country.
Positively Informed: Lesson Plans and Guidance for Sexuality Educators and Advocates
(Tool)
A resource kit of lesson plans and guidance for comprehensive sexuality educators, Positively Informed provides a handpicked selection of some of the best English-language sexuality education materials out there. Intended to serve as a source of ideas, examples, and inspiration for educators developing their own sexuality education curricula, the lesson plans use creative, interactive, learner-centered teaching strategies, and are adaptable to diverse cultural settings. They address gender issues, challenge discriminatory attitudes and behaviors, and present sexuality as a positive part of life rather than something to be feared and shrouded in taboos. These lessons are appropriate for 10- to 19-year-olds and are classroom ready. Depending on the cultural context, level of community support, and students' level of knowledge and experience, some may need considerable adaptation to be relevant and effective. Listed at the end of the book are references to additional recommended lesson plans.
State of the World's Mothers 2005: The Power and Promise of Girls' Education
(Report)
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Save the Children provides its sixth annual State of the World’s Mothers report. By focusing on girls’ education as a way to ensure a more healthy and prosperous future for all children, this report highlights the urgent need to reach the 58 million girls who are not attending school. It shines a spotlight on countries that are succeeding in getting and keeping girls in school and shows that effective solutions to this challenge are affordable – even in the world’s poorest countries.
Network Issue on Nonconsensual Sex
(Review/Synthesis)
This issue of Network, from Family Health International, describes the variety of means by which children, adolescents, and adults - men and women alike - are pressured to have sexual relations that they do not want.
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