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Volume 5, Number 33
15 August 2005
If you have an event or resource (report, article, etc.) you would like to be considered for inclusion in The Pop Reporter, send your information to Robert Jacoby at rjacoby@jhuccp.org.
FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESEARCH
Postabortion Care in Latin America: Policy and Service Recommendations from a Decade of Operations Research
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Central America and the Caribbean | South America)
Health Policy and Planning. 2005 May;20(3):158-166.
Billings D | Benson J
Unsafe abortion contributes significantly to maternal mortality and morbidity in Latin America. Postabortion care (PAC) using preferred technologies and a woman-centered approach to treat the complications of unsafe abortion can save women's lives and improve their reproductive health, as well as reduce costs to health systems. This article reviews results from 10 major PAC operations research projects conducted in public sector hospitals in seven Latin American countries, completed and published between 1991 and 2002.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Modern Contraception among Single Women in a Rural and Urban Community in Southeast Nigeria
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2005 Apr;25(3):292-295.
Ozumba BC | ObI SN | Ijioma NN
This study was to ascertain the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraception among single women in a rural and urban community in southeast Nigeria. Of the currently sexually active respondents, 32.5% (rural) and 59.7% (urban) were using a form of modern contraception. Condoms, followed by oral pills, were the most popular contraceptive method because they can easily procure them over the counter. Poor contraceptive information, highly critical behavior of family planning providers towards unmarried women seeking contraception, and attitude of male partners militate against contraceptive practice.
FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NEWS
Herbalists Providing Reproductive Health Services
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
The Chronicle Newspaper
Female herbalists who sell their traditional medicine along Bottom Hospital in Lilongwe are reportedly helping many pregnant women due for delivery and in other reproductive health issues.
Family Planning Advocates Sound Alarm v. USAID Pullout
(News Article; Asia)
Sun Star Damaguete
Family planning advocates in Negros Oriental warned of a runaway population increase in the province unless local government units move in to fill the expected vacuum with the complete pullout of the family planning assistance program of USAID two years from now.
New Pregnancy Kit Makes Asia Jittery
(News Article; Global)
The Asian Pacific Coast
A new blood test that enables expectant mothers to find out the gender of their baby as early as five weeks into the pregnancy is sending jitters around the world.
One in 25 fathers 'not the daddy'
(News Article; Global)
Related Abstract; subscription needed for full text: Measuring paternal discrepancy and its public health consequences
Up to one in 25 dads could unknowingly be raising another man's child, UK health researchers estimate. Rates of misattributed paternity varied between studies from 0.8% to 30% (median 3.7%, n = 17).
Married women still shun contraceptives
(News Article; Asia)
Manilla Standard
One out of three married women in the Philippines uses modern contraceptives to space their children, a recent survey undertaken by the National Statistics Office said. More disturbing, however, according to the final results of the 2004 Family Planning Survey released over the weekend, is the finding that about half of them are not using any contraception at all.
FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW AND POLICY
China lifts ban on student marriage
(News Article; Asia)
United Press International
China's Ministry of Education has ordered universities to lift a 50-year ban on students marrying and having children.
HIV/AIDS RESEARCH
Violence against children affected by HIV/AIDS: A case study of Uganda
(Report; Sub-Saharan Africa)
World Vision International
A contribution to the United Nations Study on Violence Against Children, this report from World Vision International's Africa Office is the result of consultations with children and adults in southern Uganda in early 2005.
The Association of Partner Abuse with Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Women and Men with HIV/AIDS
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Global)
AIDS and Behavior. 2005 Aug 10;online
Bogart LM | Collins RL | Cunningham W | Beckman R | Golinelli D | Eisenman D | Bird CE
The study assessed whether individuals with HIV who experienced or perpetrated abuse within a close relationship were likely to engage in unprotected intercourse with that same partner. Both abuse perpetration and victimization were significantly associated with having any unprotected intercourse. Gender/orientation and substance use during sex moderated the perpetration effects.
HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-limited Settings: Experiences from Haiti
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Central America and the Caribbean)
Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 2005 April 1;2(2):98-104.
Krain AW | Fitzgerald DW
The use of ARV therapy in resource-poor settings faces several challenges, including the poverty of patients, political and social upheavals and violence, social stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, unreliable pharmacy systems, tuberculosis, and lack of trained health care workers. Using their experience in Haiti, researchers describe how they have addressed these challenges with the goal of increasing access to care for the poor with HIV/AIDS.
Factors Affecting Sexual Transmission of HIV-1: Current Evidence and Implications for Prevention
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Global)
Current HIV Research. 2005 Jul;3(3):223-241.
Chan Dj
The risk of HIV-1 transmission by sexual means is a function of infectivity, susceptibility and mode of transmission (type of sexual practice). Transmission may be significantly increased or decreased by factors relating to the HIV-1 per se, sexual behavior, other STIs, antiretroviral therapy, spermicidal microbicides and HIV-1 vaccines, the host immune system, genital anatomy and nutritional deficiencies. Current research into the factors affecting sexual transmission of HIV-1 appears to benefit developed nations more than developing nations because of structured public health systems and the capacity to translate research findings into prevention strategies.
HIV/AIDS NEWS
Project has Led to More, Better HIV/AIDS Stories
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Internews Network
A media development project in Kenya has led to better and more numerous radio stories on HIV and AIDS.
Pwele Calls for Mandatory HIV Tests
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
The Post
A member of parliament in Zambia has pressed for mandatory HIV/AIDS testing to contain the spread of the pandemic.
Asian Broadcasters Team for HIV/AIDS Initiative
(News Article; Asia)
World Screen News
Representatives from 14 Asia Pacific broadcasters recently unveiled a co-production initiative to raise awareness about the HIV/AIDS epidemic through a series of TV programs.
Senegal: Even When Companies Commit to HIV Care, Getting Message Across Can Be Difficult
(Feature Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Integrated Regional Information Networks
The Senegalese Sugar Company provides free condoms for its 7,000 workers, but there are few takers, with many male employees seeing accepting condoms as an admission of promiscuity or having an STI.
VCT Centres Challenging AIDS Pandemic
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
New Era
Namibia, one of the countries worst affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic is fighting to contain the epidemic using awareness campaigns, the provision of antiretroviral drugs, and a rise in voluntary counseling and testing centers.
Syria: Religious Leaders Take Active Role in Raising HIV/AIDS Awareness
(News Article; Middle East)
Integrated Regional Information Networks
More than 80 Christian and Muslim religious leaders from the Arab region attended a workshop recently in the Syrian capital, Damascus, on raising HIV/AIDS awareness.
Mozambique Raises HIV Infection Rate
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Reuters
Mozambique revised up its official HIV infection rate to 16.2% of the adult population, from about 14%.
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH RESEARCH
Antiretroviral Concentrations in Breast-Feeding Infants of Women in Botswana Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment
(Research Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2005 Sept 1;192(5):720-727.
Shapiro RL | Holland DT | Capparelli E | Lockman S | Thior I | Wester C | Stevens L | Peter T | Essex M | Connor JD | Miorchnick M
Researchers measured concentrations of nevirapine, lamivudine, and zidovudine in serum and whole breast milk from human HIV-1–infected women in Botswana receiving ARV treatment and serum from their uninfected, breast-feeding infants. HIV-1 inhibitory concentrations of nevirapine were achieved in breast-feeding infants of mothers receiving these ARVs, exposing infants to the potential for beneficial and adverse effects of nevirapine ingestion.
Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in Korea
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Asia)
Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2005;60(4):206-212.
Kim YJ | Lee BE | Park HS | Kang JG | Kim JO | Ha EH
This study investigated the risk factors for preterm birth in Korean pregnant women. Preterm birth was positively associated wit vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, below USD 1,000 of average income, prior spontaneous abortion, and prior preterm delivery.
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Started during Pregnancy or Postpartum Suppresses HIV-1 RNA, but Not DNA, in Breast Milk
(Research Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2005 Sept 1;192(5):713-719.
Shapiro RL | Ndung'u T | Lockman S | Smeaton LM | Thior I | Wester C | Stevens L | Sebetso G | Gaseitsiwe S | Peter T | Essex M
Researchers compared breast-milk HIV-1 RNA and DNA loads of women in Botswana who received HAART (nevirapine, lamivudine, and zidovudine) and women who did not receive HAART. HAART was found to suppress HIV-1 RNA in breast milk and may therefore reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 via breast-feeding. However, HAART initiated during pregnancy or early after delivery had no apparent effect on cell-associated HIV-1 DNA loads in breast milk.
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NEWS
Philippines Fails to Reduce Infant Mortality: ADB
(News Article; Asia)
People's Daily Online
Related Report: Special Evaluation Study: ADB Policy for the Health Sector 
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
The Philippine government's effort to reduce infant death rate is "discouraging," an Asian Development Bank (ADB) study has said.
Childbirth for young Niger mothers leaves lasting scars
(Feature Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Mail & Guardian Online
Poverty and cultural traditions in Niger lead thousands of young women to give birth without medical supervision which exposes them to often irreparable scars. "Giving birth is women's work, and these girls are children," said Lucien Djangnikpo, a physician and director of a maternity centre in Zinder, a city in southeast Niger.
MEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Status at Age 26 Is Not Related to Early Circumcision in a Birth Cohort
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Global)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2005 Aug;32(8):517-519.
Dickson N | van Roode T | Paul C
This study determined if circumcision in early childhood affects the risk of acquiring herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. The results support a lack of association between circumcision status and HSV-2 acquisition, although a small effect cannot be ruled out.
Cultural Politics and Masculinities: Multiple-Partners in Historical Perspective in KwaZulu-Natal
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2005 Jul-Aug;7(4):389-403.
Hunter M
Drawing from ethnographic, archival, and secondary research, this article examines multiple-sexual partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal, a South Africa province where one in three people are thought to be HIV positive. Research on masculinities, multiple-partners, and AIDS has been predominantly directed towards the present day. This paper stresses the importance of unraveling the antecedents of contemporary masculinities, particularly the gendered cultural politics through which they have been produced.
Scoring Men: Vasectomies and the Totemic Illusion of Male Sexuality in Oaxaca
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Central America and the Caribbean)
Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 2005 March 1;29(1):79-101.
Gutmann M
This paper discusses research on men’s reproductive health and sexuality in Oaxaca, Mexico, and specifically why some men there choose to be sterilized. Men who opt for vasectomies do so after considering numerous cultural, historical, physiological, commercial, and other concerns. Vasectomy as a method of birth control is chosen despite folk beliefs that take the form of a totemic illusion which treats male sexuality as naturalized, something fixed, and as entirely distinct from female sexuality. Among its many consequences, this totemic illusion serves to conceal inequalities in the sphere of reproductive health and sexuality in relation to contraception.
POPULATION NEWS
UN Official: China Faces Challenges on Population Development
(News Article; Asia)
Xinhua
China has made headway on population development, but a number of challenges remain, according to a United Nations Population Fund official.
Government in Massive Drive to Boost Birth Rate
(News Article; Asia)
The Chosun Ilbo
The government has vowed to do everything in its power short of having babies itself to tackle Korea’s low birth rate. Among measures are preferential access to public housing for families with several children as well as higher home loans at lower interest. The state will shoulder the full 90-day maternity cover and introduce a 45-day recuperation period for miscarriage or stillbirth next year.
WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH
Cervical Dysplasia in HIV Infected Women in Maiduguri, Nigeria
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2005 Apr;25(3):286-288.
Chama CM | Nggada H | Gashau W
This article explores the occurrence of cervical dysplasia amongst HIV-infected women in Nigeria. Cervical dysplasia was significantly more common among HIV-infected women than those that were HIV negative (31.3% vs 7.8%, respectively). The incidence of cervical dysplasia was also proportional to the degree of immunosuppression as women with low CD4 count had higher incidence of cervical dysplasia.
Reproductive Health of Women in Thailand: Progress and Challenges Towards Attainment of International Development Goals
(Report; Asia)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
Women in Thailand enjoy better reproductive health than 10 years ago, thanks to policies recognizing the links between health and poverty alleviation. This report, produced in commemoration of the 2005 World Population Day in Thailand, examines Thailand’s progress in the area of women’s reproductive health in the context of major international declarations and conventions including CEDAW, ICPD in Cairo, Beijing Declaration, and MDGs.
Phase I Safety Study of Praneem Polyherbal Vaginal Tablet Use among HIV-Uninfected Women in Pune, India
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Asia)
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . 2005 Aug 9;online
Joshi SN | Katti U | Godbole S | Bharucha K | Kumar KB | Kulkarni S | Risbud A | Mehendale S
This study evaluated the safety of Praneem polyherbal tablet use among HIV-uninfected women. There were no serious adverse events. Praneem polyherbal tablets were found to be safe for once daily intravaginal use for 14 consecutive days in sexually active HIV-uninfected women.
WOMEN'S HEALTH NEWS
Female Circumcision Surfaces in Iraq
(News Article; Middle East)
Christian Science Monitor.
Birch N
A German aid group finds the first solid proof of female genital mutilation, thought to be prevalent in the Middle East.
YOUTH HEALTH RESEARCH
Impact of Rapid Socio-Economic Changes on Teenage Pregnancies in Estonia During 1992–2001
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Europe)
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2005 May;84(5):425-431.
Haldre K | Karro H | Rahu M | Tellmann A
In this article, the impact of the changes on the reproductive behavior of teenage girls, measured by adolescent fertility and abortion rates between 1992 and 2001, is analyzed. Results show that the availability of information, contraceptives, services and education, and the existence of other goals in life besides childbearing, have an impact on teenage birth and abortion rates.
Sexually transmitted infections among adolescents: The need for adequate health services
(Report; Global)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
World Health Organization
Dehne, KL | Riedner, G
Produced by the World Health Organization, this paper reviews literature documenting the provision of services for STIs to adolescents worldwide. Findings show that only a minority of adolescents have access to acceptable and affordable STI services. Projects emphasising general reproductive health, sexual health counselling or family planning are much more common than those that include STI care as a key objective. Adolescents at highest risk of STIs tend to be sex workers and their clients; boys who have sex with other boys or men; street children; and children in correctional homes.
HIV Counseling and Testing for Youth
(Teaching and Training Material; Global)
Family Health International
This HIV counseling and testing manual is designed for service providers and counselors working with youth. Approximately one-third of clients who seek HIV testing are youth, and these young people often have different needs than do adults. With this easy-to-use, spiral bound booklet, service providers and counselors can improve their skills and assist youth with the difficult issue of HIV counseling and testing.
Knowledge of personal and sexual development amongst young people in Pakistan
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Asia)
Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2005 Jul-Aug;7(4):319-332.
Hennink M | Rana I | Iqbal R
This study explored young peoples' experiences of gaining knowledge of personal and sexual development. Young women typically gained information from a limited number of sources within the home, while young men accessed a wide variety of information sources outside the home. Overall, young people were critical of the quality of information they received, which often led to confusion and stress in understanding sexual development. Findings highlight a gap in formal systems of information provision.
Our Voice, Our Future: Young People Report on Progress Made on the UNGASS Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS
(Report; Global)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
Young people from 12 countries around the world report on their government's achievements in addressing the AIDS pandemic among young people, highlighting shortfalls and challenges in the process, and making specific recommendations to ensure that the targets set out in the Declaration of Commitment (2001) on HIV/AIDS are achieved.
Vulnerability and Sexual Risks: Vagos and Vaguitas in a Low Income Town in Perú
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; South America)
Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2005 Jul-Aug;7(4):375-387.
Salazar X | Cáceres C | Rosasco A | Kegeles S | Maiorana A | Gárate M | Coates T
This study provided evidence for the need of various approaches according to level of poverty and social vulnerability in order to develop more effective HIV/AIDS and STI prevention programs to meet the needs of young men and women in low-income areas.
Gender Double Standards in Young People Attending Sexual Health Services in Northern Thailand
(Abstract; subscription needed for full text; Asia)
Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2005 Jul-Aug;7(4):361-373.
Tangmunkongvorakul A | Kane R | Wellings K
This paper explores the views and experiences of young people in seeking health care in Northern Thailand, highlighting the kinds of gender double standards and power imbalances that may pose obstacles to their use of sexual and reproductive health services. Findings reveal the vulnerability of sexually active young women in seeking support and care from partners, parents, and service providers.
Awareness, Attitude and Practice of Contraception among Secondary School Girls in Calabar, Nigeria
(Abstract; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2005 Apr-Jun;14(2):146-50.
Bassey EA | Abasiattai AM | Asuquo EE | Udoma EJ | Oyo-lta A
This study was carried out to assess the awareness, attitude, and use of contraceptives among secondary school girls in Calabar, Nigeria and to determine how attitude affects its use. The study revealed that contraceptive awareness was high. There was also a statistically significant association between positive attitude/beliefs and use of contraceptives.
YOUTH HEALTH NEWS
Swaziland: Sugar Daddies - The Bitter Truth
(News Article; Sub-Saharan Africa)
Inter Press Service
While the term "sugar daddy" has a slightly comical aspect to it, there is nothing humorous about the sexual exploitation of young women by older men in the age of AIDS. The practice is common in Swaziland, where prevalence of HIV/AIDS is just under 40%. "When I speak with young boys, they say their girlfriends leave them for sugar daddies, but they come back to their boyfriends because they don't want it known that they are having relationships with older men," says Thuli Khumalo, a nurse who counsels young people when they undergo HIV tests. "The girls tell me they are not actually attracted to the older men, physically attracted, though some are impressed by wealth and power. They want to be seen with their peers, boyfriends their own age," she adds. When the girls do return, they often bring the HIV virus with them.
Iraq: Focus on Boys Trapped in Commercial Sex Trade
(Feature Article; Middle East)
Integrated Regional Information Networks
Following the conflict in 2003, there has been an increase in the number of commercial sex workers in the country, especially among teenagers, according to local officials.
SPECIAL REPORTS/PROFILES/RESOURCES
Health and Mirgration: Bridging the Gap
(Book; Global)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
International Organization for Migration
This paper is based on the Seminar on Health and Migration held in 2004 to assess the public health implications of increasingly mobile populations, and to integrate health policies into migration management strategies. The Seminar focused on the public health implications of increasingly mobile populations. In addition to exploring general migration health challenges it examined specific subpopulations, including irregular and returning migrants, migrants in conflict situations, migrants with HIV/AIDS, and migrating healthcare workers. The paper details the debate on topics such as the use of pre-departure health assessments, the need to address the mental health of migrants, healthcare access for irregular migrants, and the migration of healthcare workers. It also identifies the main challenges and areas for policy reform, such as the need for programme support, local capacity building, information-sharing and communication of best practices.
International Youth Day 2005
(Press Release; Global)
Ahmed Obaid T
A message from Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive Director, UNFPA, on International Youth Day.
Early Marriage: A Harmful Traditional Practice
(Report; Global)
(You need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access this document)
UNICEF
Child marriage is a violation of human rights, compromising the development of girls and often resulting in early pregnancy and social isolation. Young married girls face onerous domestic burdens, constrained decision-making and reduced life choices. Using data from the Demographic and Household Surveys, this publication estimates the prevalence of child marriage and seeks to identify and understand the factors associated with child marriage and cohabitation. The statistical linkages identified can help programmeers promote delayed marriage and use advocacy and behaviour-change campaigns to prevent child marriage.
Calendar of Events
August 18, 2005Defining strength: Asian Pacific Islander (API) Men and Masculinity, A Workshop for API men
The Asian Pacific Islander/Domestic Violence Resource Project (DVRP) will be holding a workshop to examine masculinity in the API context. This workshop is a unique opportunity to discuss male gender roles and its impact on creating a nonviolent society.
Contact's Name: Hannah Sin / E-Mail: Hannah@dvrp.org
Event Location: Washington, DC
October 27, 2005 - October 30, 2005
Women's Rights and Development: How does change happen?
This is both a conferece and a call to action where women from around the globe will learn about how others are making real change in their regions, and share their own experiences making change. The conference aims to provide a platform where participants can analyze successes and failures, participate in informal caucuses, gala events, cultural activities, and social and political events geared to global and regional networking and alliance-building in addition to the four days of plenary speeches, interactive sessions, workshops, debates, and creative sessions geared to powerful thinking on gender equality and women’s human rights.
Contact's Name: Forum Inquiries / E-Mail: awidforum@awid.org
Event Location: Thailand
December 4, 2005 - December 7, 2005
Cervical Cancer Prevention In Low Resource Settings Meeting
This purpose of this meeting is to review the evidence supporting strategies for prevention of cervical cancer in low-resource settings and examine best practices for implementing large-scale programs for preventing and treating cervical cancer.
Contact's Name: Robbyn Lewis / E-Mail: cervicalcancer@jhpiego.net,
Event Location: Bangkok, Thailand
March 30, 2006 - March 31, 2006
Managing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: The Challenge of Profitability and Growth
Contact's Name: Dino Ribeiro / E-Mail: dribeiro@chathamhouse.org.uk
Event Location: Chatham House, London
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