CONTENTS

         Chapters
  1. Background
  2. Oral Contraceptive Use
  3. Benefits of Oral Contraceptives
  4. Health Risks of Oral Contraceptives
  5. Unresolved Health Issues
  6. Emergency Contraceptive Pills
  7. A Practical Guide to ECP
  8. Unresolved Health Issues

HIGHLIGHTS

Population Reports is published by the Population Information Program, Center for Communication Programs, The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-4012, USA


Volume XXVIII, Number 1
Spring, 2000

Series A, Number 9
Oral Contraceptives

Oral Contraceptive Use Worldwide

Oral contraceptives deserve close and continuing attention. Even though newer contraceptives have become available, in most countries, OCs remain among the most popular methods, and in many countries OCs are the most widely used method of all.

In surveyed countries nearly one married woman in every four who has ever used contraception has relied on the pill at some point in her life. Currently, more than 100 million women use OCs. Data both on ever use and on current use of contraception demonstrate the continuing popularity of OCs.

Ever Use of OCs

In 44 of 68 developing countries with survey data on ever use of contraception, more married women have used the pill than any other modern family planning method. In these 68 countries about 40% of married women who have ever used family planning have used the pill at some point. This estimate does not include China, where recent data on ever use are not available. In China and India pill use historically has been limited. If India also were excluded from the estimate, the percentage of married family planning users who have ever used the pill would rise to about 50%.

In some countries pill use has been very common. In Brazil nearly 80% of married women have used the pill at some point, as have two-thirds of married women in Costa Rica, Morocco, and Zimbabwe. Between 50% and 60% of all married women have used the pill in diverse countries including Bangladesh, Botswana, Cape Verde, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Nicaragua, South Africa, Thailand, and Trinidad and Tobago. Among developing regions, the pill has been most widely used in Latin America, where 55% of all married women have used the pill at some time. More than one-third of married women in the Near East and North Africa have used the pill, while not quite 15% have used it in sub-Saharan Africa (see Table 1).

Similarly, many sexually active unmarried women have used the pill. In 12 of 28 countries with surveys, more of these women have used the pill than any other modern family planning method. Overall, in these countries 52% of wo-men who have ever used family planning have relied on the pill at some point—39% of all sexually active unmarried women. In Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Zimbabwe, between 50% and 60% of sexually active unmarried women have used the pill.

Experience with the pill is probably even more common in developed countries than in developing countries, although data on ever use are not available for many developed countries. In Canada 86% of women surveyed in 1995 had used the pill (38). In the US 80% of all women born since 1945 have used the pill, according to a 1990 estimate (106). Perhaps the highest level of experience with the pill is among German women: For example, 94% of eastern German women ages 30 to 44 have taken the pill (261).


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