The INFO Project

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Español Français Português Population Reports Home Related Resources Contact Us FAQs Site Map Feedback About Population Reports Online Reports Upcoming Reports Press Releases Order
Population Reports Search Population Reports: 
[Or Search POPLINE & other INFOforhealth.org resources]

 
Series D, Number 6 Male Sterilization

Vasectomy: Reaching Out to New Users

How family planning programs can introduce or expand vasectomy services

To access the full text report in pdf format click here.
______________________________________________________________________________

Bibliography 

1. AHMED, I., RASHEED, S., WHITE, C., and SHAIKH, N.A. The incidence of post-vasectomy chronic testicular pain and the role of nerve stripping (denervation) of the spermatic cord in its management. British Journal of Urology 79(2): 269-270. Feb. 1997. 

2. ALDERMAN, P.M. The lurking sperm. A review of failures in 8879 vasectomies performed by one physician. Journal of the American Medical Association 259(21): 3142-3144. Jun 3, 1988. 
 
3. ANONYMOUS. Virility and norms (PowerPoint presentation).   Presented at the Expert Consultation on Vasectomy, Washington, D.C., Dec. 3-Dec.5, 2003. Family Health International, EngenderHealth and the ACQUIRE Project, 
 
4. ANTARSH, L. and MARSTON-AINLEY, S. The introduction of no-scalpel vasectomy in the United States (1988-1992). AVSC Working Paper, No. 8, New York. AVSC International, Sep. 1993.
 
5. ARADHYA, K.W., BEST, K., and SOKAL, D.C. Recent developments in vasectomy. British Medical Journal 330(7486): 296-269. Feb. 5, 2005. 
 
6. ATLAS, B. Mobile clinic brings family planning to rural Nepal. PSI News, Population Services International, Apr. 1, 2004. (Available: http://psi.org/news/0404b.html)
 
7. AVSC INTERNATIONAL. Men as partners in reproductive health: Workshop report.   Mombasa, Kenya, May 18-21, 1997. 
 
8. AWSARE, N.S., KRISHNAN, J., BOUSTEAD, G.B., HANBURY, D.C., and MCNICHOLAS, T.A. Complications of vasectomy. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 87(6): 406-410. Nov. 2005. 
 
9. BAIRD, V. (Meridian Group International, Inc.) [Replicating the Permanent Smile Campaign in Honduras] Personal communication, Feb. 25, 2008. 
 
10. BARONE, M.A., HUTCHINSON, P.L., JOHNSON, C.H., HSIA, J., and WHEELER, J. Vasectomy in the United States, 2002. Journal of Urology 176(1): 232-236. Jul. 2006. 
 
11. BARONE, M.A., IRSULA, B., CHEN-MOK, M., and SOKAL, D.C. Effectiveness of vasectomy using cautery. BMC Urology 4(10). Jul. 19, 2004. 
 
12. BARONE, M.A., NAZERALI, H., CORTES, M., CHEN-MOK, M., POLLACK, A.E., and SOKAL, D. A prospective study of time and number of ejaculations to azoospermia after vasectomy by ligation and excision. Journal of Urology
 170(3): 892-896. Sep. 2003. 
 
13. BERNAL-DELGADO, E., LATOUR-PEREZ, J., PRADAS-ARNAL, F., and GOMEZ-LOPEZ, L.I. The association between vasectomy and prostate cancer: A systematic review of the literature. Fertility and Sterility 70(2): 191-200. Aug. 1998. 
 
14. BINYANGE M., CYRIDION U., WARD V., LANDRY E., and BEHRMAN, L. Vasectomy decision-making in Rwanda (GLO-11-EV-1). New York, Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception, Dec. 1993. (A Global Vasectomy Decision-Making Study: A 7-Part Series) 44 p. 
 
15. BUNCE, A., GUEST, G., SEARING, H., FRAJZYNGIER, V., RIWA, P., KANAMA, J., and ACHWAL, I. Factors affecting vasectomy acceptability in Tanzania. International Family Planning Perspectives 33(1): 13-21. Mar. 2007. 
 
16. BUNYARATAVEJ, P., RAJATAPITI, B., DHITAVAT, V., KICHANANTHA, B., TANGCHAI, W., SUKONTHAMAN, Y., VONGVIRIYATHAM, S., CHINPRAHAST, K., WATANAPAT, S., and DUSITSIN, N. Comparison of vasectomy performed by medical students and surgeons in Thailand. Studies in Family Planning 12(8-9): 316-318. Aug.-Sep. 1981. 
 
17. CHACÓN, R.A. (Hospital Maternidad Primero de Julio) [Vasectomies in Guatemala] Personal communication, Mar. 11, 2008. 
 
18. CHANDHIOK, N. and GANGAKHEDKAR, R.R. The new evidence on male circumcision: An Indian perspective. Reproductive Health Matters 15(29): 53-56. May 2007. 
 
19. CHOE, J.M. and KIRKEMO, A.K. Questionnaire-based outcomes study of nononcological post-vasectomy complications. The Journal of Urology 155(4): 1284-1286. Apr. 1996. 
 
20. CHRISTIANSEN, C.G. and SANDLOW, J.I. Testicular pain following vasectomy: A review of postvasectomy pain syndrome. Journal of Andrology 24(3): 293-298. May-Jun. 2003. 
 
21. CISEK, C. Colombia: the vasectomy players are changing. An emerging market for vasectomy services under a new healthcare system (Draft). New York, EngenderHealth, Sep. 2002.   26 p. 
 
22. CISEK, C. The Mexican vasectomy program: Lessons learned from the introduction of vasectomy services in Mexico's public sector healthcare institutions (Draft). New York, EngenderHealth, Jun. 2002.   30 p. 
 
23. CISEK, C. Legalization of sterilization in Brazil: Opening the doors for a public sector vasectomy program. New York, EngenderHealth, Mar. 2003.  
 
24. CISEK, C. Male knowledge and information on vasectomy (Focus group findings). ACQUIRE Project, Nov. 2004.  
 
25. COHEN, S.L. Vasectomy and national family planning programs in Asia and Latin America. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Fall 1996. (Carolina Papers in International Health and Development No. 2) 23 p. (Available: http://gi.unc.edu/research/pdf/vasect.pdf)
 
26. COOK, L.A., PUN, A., VAN VLIET, H., GALLO, M.F., and LOPEZ, L.M. Scalpel versus no-scalpel incision for vasectomy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD004112. Apr. 18, 2007. 
 
27. COOK, L.A., VAN VLIET, H., LOPEZ, L.M., PUN, A., and GALLO, M.F. Vasectomy occlusion techniques for male sterilization. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD003991. Apr. 18, 2007. 
 
28. COX, B., SNEYD, M.J., PAUL, C., DELAHUNT, B., and SKEGG, D.C. Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association 287(23): 3110-3115. Jun. 19, 2002. 
 
29. DENEUX-THARAUX, C., KAHN, E., NAZERALI, H., and SOKAL, D.C. Pregnancy rates after vasectomy: A survey of US urologists. Contraception 69(5): 401-406. May 2004. 
 
30. DENNIS, L.K., DAWSON, D.V., and RESNICK, M.I. Vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis examining vasectomy status, age at vasectomy, and time since vasectomy. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 5(3): 193-203. 2002. 
 
31. DHAR, N.B., JONES, J.S., BHATT, A., and BABINEAU, D. A prospective evaluation of the impact of scheduled follow-up appointments with compliance rates after vasectomy. BJU International 99(5): 1094-1097. May 2007. 
 
32. DIAZ, M., SIMMONS, R., DIAZ, J., GONZALEZ, C., MAKUCH, M.Y., and BOSSEMEYER, D. Expanding contraceptive choice: findings from Brazil. Studies in Family Planning 30(1): 1-16. Mar. 1999. 
 
33. DOHLE, G.R., MEULEMAN, E.J., HOEKSTRA, J.W., VAN ROIJEN, H.J., and ZWIERS, W. [Revised guideline 'Vasectomy' from the Dutch Urological Association]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 149(49): 2728-2831. Dec. 3, 2005. 
 
34. DUNMOYE, O.O., MOODLEY, J., and POPIS, M. Vasectomy in developing countries. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 21(3): 295-297. May 2001. 
 
35. ENGENDERHEALTH. Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends. New York, EngenderHealth, 2002. (Available: http://www.engenderhealth.org/pubs/family-planning/contraceptive-sterilization-factbook.php)
 
36. ENGENDERHEALTH. Minilaparotomy for female sterilization: An illustrated guide for service providers. New York, EngenderHealth, 2003.   121 p. (Available: http://www.engenderhealth.org/pubs/family-planning/minilap-illustrated-guide.php
)
 
37. ENGENDERHEALTH. No-scalpel vasectomy: An illustrated guide for surgeons. 3rd ed. New York, EngenderHealth, 2003. 70 p. 
 
38. ENGENDERHEALTH. Get a permanent smile - increasing awareness of, access to, and utilization of vasectomy services in Ghana. New York, EngenderHealth, Dec. 2005.   67 p. (Available: http://www.acquireproject.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ACQUIRE/Ghana/Ghana_Report_final.pdf)
 
39. ENGENDERHEALTH. No-scalpel vasectomy curriculum: A training course for vasectomy providers and assistants. Trainers manual. 2nd, ed. New York, EngenderHealth, 2007. 171 p. (Available: http://www.engenderhealth.org/files/pubs/familyplanning/NSV_curric_trainers_final.pdf)
 
40. ENGENDERHEALTH. Sustaining and continuing growth of NSV in Ghana: Continuation of the Permanent Smile campaign (Concept Paper). Mar. 7, 2007. 4 p.  
 
41. ESLAMI, M. (Ministry of Health and Medical Education) [The vasectomy program in Iran] Personal communication, May 1, 2008. 
 
42. EZEH, A.C., SEROUSSI, M., and RAGGERS, H. Men's fertility, contraceptive use, and reproductive preferences. Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, Mar. 1996. (DHS Comparative Studies No. 18) 45 p. 
 
43. FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL and ACQUIRE. Expert consultation on vasectomy: Meeting report. Dec. 3-5, 2003.   32 p. (Available: http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/booksReports/vasconrpt.htm)
 
44. FETENE, N. [What drives LAPM demand?] Personal communication, Apr. 23, 2008. 
 
45. FORSTE, R., TANFER, K., and TEDROW, L. Sterilization among currently married men in the United States, 1991. Family Planning Perspectives 27(3): 100-107, 122. May-Jun. 1995. 
 
46. GLAVIND, K. and LAURITSEN, N.P. [Physical complaints and granuloma formation after vasectomy]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 110(16): 2078-2079. Jun. 20, 1990. 
 
47. GOJASENI, P. and LEOPRAPAI, B. A pilot project to train paramedical personnel to perform vasectomy. Sangsingkeo V., ed. In: Voluntary Sterilization in Thailand. Bangkok Thai Association for Voluntary Sterilization, 1982. p. 115-119. 
 
48. GOLDACRE, M.J., WOTTON, C.J., SEAGROATT, V., and YEATES, D. Immune-related disease before and after vasectomy: an epidemiological database study. Human Reproduction 22(5): 1273-1278. May 2007. 
 
49. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE, DIVISION OF RESEARCH STUDIES AND STANDARDS. Standards for female and male sterilisation services. New Delhi, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Oct. 2006.   104 p. (Available: http://mohfw.nic.in/dofw%20website/Standard%20for%20female%20&%20male%20sterilization%20services-final%20.pdf)
 
50. GRADY, W.R., TANFER, K., BILLY, J.O., and LINCOLN-HANSON, J. Men's perceptions of their roles and responsibilities regarding sex, contraception and childrearing. Family Planning Perspectives 28(5): 221-226. Sep.-Oct. 1996. 
 
51. GRANITSIOTIS, P. and KIRK, D. Chronic testicular pain: An overview. European Urology 45(4): 430-436. Apr. 2004. 
 
52. GREEN, C.P., COHEN, S.I., and BELHADJ-EL GHOUAYEL, H. Male involvement in reproductive health, including family planning and sexual health. New York, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 1995. (No. 28) 104 p. 
 
53. GRIFFIN, T., TOOHER, R., NOWAKOWSKI, K., LLOYD, M., and MADDERN, G. How little is enough? The evidence for post-vasectomy testing. Journal of Urology 174(1): 29-36. Jul. 2005. 
 
54. GUEVARA, J. (Profamilia) [Vasectomy and Profamilia- Colombia] Personal communication, Apr. 14, 2008. 
 
55. HANCOCK, P. and MCLAUGHLIN, E. British Andrology Society guidelines for the assessment of post vasectomy semen samples (2002). Journal of Clinical Pathology 55(11): 812-816. Nov. 2002. 
 
56. HAWS, J.M., MCKENZIE, M., MEHTA, M., and POLLACK, A.E. Increasing the availability of vasectomy in public-sector clinics. Family Planning Perspectives 29(4): 185-186, 190. Jul.-Aug. 1997. 
 
57. HENDRIX, N.W., CHAUHAN, S.P., and MORRISON, J.C. Sterilization and its consequences. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 54(12): 766-777. Dec. 1999. 
 
58. HUBER, D. Advances in voluntary surgical contraception. Outlook 6(1): 2-6. PATH. Mar. 1988. 
 
59. HUBER, D. No-scalpel vasectomy: The transfer of a refined surgical technique from China to other countries. Advances in Contraception 5(4): 217-218. Dec. 1989. 
 
60. JACOBSTEIN, R. and PILE, J.M. Vasectomy: The unfinished agenda. New York, EngenderHealth, Aug. 2007. (ACQUIRE Project Working Paper) 12 p. (Available: http://www.acquireproject.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ACQUIRE/Publications/Vasectomy_Unfinished-Agenda-FINAL_updated.pdf)
 
61. JAMIESON, D.J., COSTELLO, C., TRUSSELL, J., HILLIS, S.D., MARCHBANKS, P.A., and PETERSON, H.B. The risk of pregnancy after vasectomy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 103(5 Pt 1): 848-850. May 2004. 
 
62. JEZOWSKI, T.W., ALARCÓN, F., JUÁREZ , C., ESTRADA , A., and GÓMEZ , F. A successful national program for expanding vasectomy services: The experience of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. New York, AVSC International, May 1995. (AVSC Working Paper No. 8) 18 p. 
 
63. JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH/CENTER FOR COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS (CCP) and INTERNATIONAL PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION. Contraceptive myths and counseling database. <http://www.jhuccp.org/myths/>. CCP, 2008. 
 
64. KAMYABI, Z. A survey of the reasons for vasectomy refusal in couples who have chosen tubectomy as their contraceptive method. Saudi Medical Journal 23(6): 752-754. Jun. 2002. 
 
65. KANLISI, N. (EngenderHealth) [What makes for a good LAPM champion?] Personal communication, Apr. 24, 2008. 
 
66. KHAN, M.E. and PATEL, B.C. Male involvement in family planning: A KABP study of Agra district Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi, Population Council, India, Jun. 1997.    38 p. (Available: http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/frontiers/OR_TA/Asia/india_MI.pdf)
 
67. KINCAID, D.L., MERRITT A.P., NICKERSON L., DE CASTRO BUFFINGTON, S., DE CASTRO, M.P.P., and DE CASTRO, B.M. Impact of a mass media vasectomy promotion campaign in Brazil. International Family Planning Perspectives 22(4): 169-175. Dec. 1996. 
 
68. KNUTSON, C. (Washington State Department of Health) [Vasectomy and mid-level providers] Personal communication, Apr 2, 2008. 
 
69. LABRECQUE, M., BARONE, M.A., PILE, J., and SOKAL, D.C. Re: How little is enough? The evidence for post-vasectomy testing. Journal of Urology 175(2): 791-792. Feb. 2006. 
 
70. LABRECQUE, M., DUFRESNE, C., BARONE, M.A., and ST-HILAIRE, K. Vasectomy surgical techniques: A systematic review. BMC Medicine 2: 21. May 24, 2004. (Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/2/21)
 
71. LABRECQUE, M., HAYS, M., CHEN-MOK, M., BARONE, M.A., and SOKAL, D. Frequency and patterns of early recanalization after vasectomy. BMC Urology 6: 25. (Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2490-6-25.pdf)
 
72. LABRECQUE, M., HOANG, D.Q., and TURCOT, L. Association between the length of the vas deferens excised during vasectomy and the risk of postvasectomy recanalization. Fertility and Sterility 79(4): 1003-1007. Apr. 2003. 
 
73. LABRECQUE, M., NAZERALI, H., MONDOR, M., FORTIN, V., and NASUTION, M. Effectiveness and complications associated with two vasectomy occlusion techniques. Journal of Urology 168(6): 2495-2498. Dec. 2002. 
 
74. LABRECQUE, M., PILE, J., SOKAL, D., KAZA, R.C., RAHMAN, M., BODH, S.S., BHATTARAI, J., BHATT, G.D., and VAIDYA, T.M. Vasectomy surgical techniques in South and South East Asia. BMC Urology 5: 10. May 25, 2005. (Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/5/10)
 
75. LANDRY, E. and WARD, V. Perspectives from couples on the vasectomy decision: A six-country study. In: Beyond Acceptability: Users' Perspectives on Contraception. London, Reproductive Health Matters, 1997. p. 58-67. (Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/0953121003.pdf)
 
76. LASWAY, C. (Family Health International) [What drives LAPM demand?] Personal communication, Apr. 23, 2008. 
 
77. LESLIE, T.A., ILLING, R.O., CRANSTON, D.W., and GUILLEBAUD, J. The incidence of chronic scrotal pain after vasectomy: A prospective audit. BJU International 100(6): 1330-1333. Dec. 2007. 
 
78. LETCHWORTH, A.T., KANE, J.L., and NOBLE, A.D. Laparoscopy or minilaparotomy for sterilization of women. Obstetrics and Gynecology 56(1): 119-121. Jul. 1980. 
 
79. LU, E. (JHPIEGO) [Training and performing vasectomy] Personal communication, Mar. 13, 2008. 
 
80. MACRO INTERNATIONAL CHILD SURVIVAL TECHNICAL SUPPORT (CSTS +). Linking CBFP with long acting methods. Calverton, Maryland, Macro International CSTS+, Aug. 2007. (Community Based Family Planning Technical Update No. 3) 4 p. (Available: http://www.flexfund.org/resources/technical_updates/No3_CBFP.pdf)
 
81. MANAGEMENT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH (MSH). Establishing surgical sterilization centers in the district hospitals of Bindoy, Negros Oriental and Bailan, Capiz. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MSH, Nov. 2002.   14 p. (Available: http://erc.msh.org/hsr/linksites/hospital/establishingSurgical.pdf)
 
82. MANHOSO, F.R. and HOGA, L.A. Men's experiences of vasectomy in the Brazilian Public Health Service. International Nursing Review 52(2): 101-108. Jun. 2005. 
 
83. MANIKANDAN, R., SRIRANGAM, S.J., PEARSON, E., and COLLINS, G.N. Early and late morbidity after vasectomy: A comparison of chronic scrotal pain at 1 and 10 years. BJU International 93(4): 571-574. Mar. 2004. 
 
84. MCINTYRE, C. (Planned Parenthood of Western Washington) [Vasectomy and mid-level providers] Personal communication, Apr 10, 2008. 
 
85. MCMAHON, A.J., BUCKLEY, J., TAYLOR, A., LLOYD, S.N., DEANE, R.F., and KIRK, D. Chronic testicular pain following vasectomy. British Journal of Urology 69(2): 188-191. Feb. 1992. 
 
86. MEASURE DHS. Measure DHS STATCompiler. <http://www.statcompiler.com/>. Maesure DHS, 2008. 
 
87. MITCHELL, M.D., LITTLEFIELD, J., and GUTTER, S. Costing of reproductive health services. International Family Planning Perspectives 25 Suppl: S17-S21, S29. Jan. 1999. 
 
88. MORRIS, C., MISHRA, K., and KIRKMAN, R.J. A study to assess the prevalence of chronic testicular pain in post-vasectomy men compared to non-vasectomised men. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 28(3): 142-144. Jul. 2002. 
 
89. MOUSAVI, S.M.N., FANAIE, S.A., and ZIAEE, S.A. Benefit of vasectomy using cautery in comparsion with excision and ligation. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 1(2): 45-49. Apr. 2007. (Available: http://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/53/0024_Apr_07_Surg_Vas_E(S)_F(H)_pf.pdf)
 
90. MUHONDWA, E. and RUTENBERG, N. Effects of the vasectomy promotion project on knowledge, attitudes and behavior in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Nairobi, Kenya, Population Council, Sep. 1997.   37 p. 
 
91. NAKHAEE, N., MIRAHMADIZADEH, A.R., GORJI, H.A., and MOHAMMADI, M. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of contraceptive methods in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 8(1): 55-63. Jan. 2002. 
 
92. NAZERALI, H., THAPA, S., HAYS, M., PATHAK, L.R., PANDEY, K.R., and SOKAL, D.C. Vasectomy effectiveness in Nepal: A retrospective study. Contraception 67(5): 397-401. May 2003. 
 
93. NDZI BUDZI, J. (UNFPA)  [Questions about vasectomy in Bhutan] Personal communication, Feb. 21, 2008. 
 
94. NIRAPATHPONGPORN, A., HUBER, D.H., and KRIEGER, J.N. No-scalpel vasectomy at the King's birthday vasectomy festival. Lancet 335(8694): 894-895. Apr. 14, 1990. 
 
95.  PENTEADO, L.G., CABRAL, F., DIAZ, M., DIAZ, J., GHIRON, L., and SIMMONS, R. Organizing a public-sector vasectomy program in Brazil. Studies in Family Planning 32(4): 315-328. Dec. 2001. 
 
96. PETERSON, H.B. Sterilization. Obstetrics and Gynecology 111(1): 189-203. Jan. 2008. 
 
97. PHILP, T., GUILLEBAUD, J., and BUDD, D. Complications of vasectomy: review of 16,000 patients. British Journal of Urology 56(6): 745-748. Dec. 1984. 
 
98. PIET-PELON, N.J. and ROB, U. Male involvement: A challenge for the Bangladesh national family planning program. Dhaka, Bangladesh, Population Council, Bangladesh, Jun. 1996. (Policy Dialogue No. 2) 8 p. (Available: http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/frontiers/OR_TA/Asia/Bangla_MI.pdf)
 
99. PILE, J. and TAYLOR, J. Honduras vasectomy campaign: Summary demand of interventions and results. Powerpoint presentation. New York, EngenderHealth, Feb. 2008.   
 
100. PILE, J.M., BUMIN, C., CILOGLU, A., and AKIN, A. Involving men as partners in reproductive health: Lessons learned from Turkey. New York, AVSC International, Jun. 1999. (AVSC Working Paper No. 12) 16 p. 
 
101. PLATA, M.I. (Profamilia) [Vasectomy services at Profamilia] Personal communication, Mar. 19, 2008. 
 
102. POLLACK, A. and ACOG COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE BULLETINS-GYNECOLOGY. ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 46, September 2003. (Replaces technical bulletin number 222, April 1996). Obstetrics and Gynecology 102(3): 647-658. Sep. 2003. 
 
103. POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU (PRB). Family Planning Worldwide 2008 Data Sheet, Washington, D.C., PRB, 2008. (Available: http://www.prb.org/pdf08/fpds08.pdf)
 
104. PROGRAM FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH (PATH) and UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA). Meeting the need: Strengthening family planning programs. Seattle, Washington, UNFPA, PATH, 2006.   84 p. (Available: http://www.unfpa.org/upload/lib_pub_file/648_filename_meeting.pdf)
 
105. PUN, A. (Nepal Family Health Program) [Male and Female Sterilization: Discussion. Day 1 Daily Digest] Personal communication, Mar. 19, 2008. 
 
106. RAO, G.R. and SINHA, R.K. Male participation in family planning. An evaluation study of no-scalpel vasectomy project, Madhya Pradesh. Mumbai, International Institute for Population Sciences, Sep. 2001.   47 p. 
 
107. RAO, G.R. and SINHA, R.K. Male participation in family planning. An evaluation study of no-scalpel vasectomy project, Manipur. Mumbai, International Institute for Population Sciences, Sep. 2001. 50 p. 
 
108. RAO, G.R. and SINHA, R.K. Male participation in family planning. An evaluation study of no-scalpel vasectomy project, Orissa. Mumbai, International Institute for Population Sciences, Sep. 2001.   44 p. 
 
109. RAWLINS, B., BRECHIN, S.J., GIRI, K., and BHATT, G.D. A self-paced learning package for training in the no-scalpel vasectomy technique: The experiences of trainers and participants in Nepal. Baltimore, JHPIEGO, May 2002. 34 p.  
 
110. ROCHE, L. Why Kiwi men choose the kindest cut of all. Panos Features (London), 2002. (Available: http://www.panos.org.uk/newsfeatures/featureprintable.asp?id=1059)
 
111. ROGOW, D. Man: Meeting male reproductive health care needs in Latin America. New York, Population Council, 1990. (Quality No. 2) 37 p. (Available: http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/qcq/qcq02.pdf)
 
112. ROGSTAD, K.E. The psychological effects of vasectomy. Sexual and Marital Therapy: Journal of the Association of Sexual and Marital Therapists 11(3): 265-272. Aug. 1996. 
 
113. ROTHMANN, S. (Fertility Solutions) [Semen testing] Personal communication, May 28, 2008. 
 
114. ROTHMANN, S.A. and REESE, A.A. Semen analysis: The test techs love to hate. Medical Laboratory Observer: 18-27. Apr. 2007. (Available: http://www.mlo-online.com/articles/0407/0407cover_story.pdf )
 
115. ROYAL COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGISTS (RCOG). Male and female sterilisation. London, RCOG, Jan. 2004. (Evidence-based Clinical Guideline No. 4) 120 p. (Available: http://www.rcog.org.uk/resources/Public/pdf/sterilisation_full060607.pdf)
 
116. RUMINJO, J., ADRIANCE, D., and PILE, J.M. Marketing of vasectomy - a pilot project to increase the availability of and access to no-scalpel vasectomy. New York,  EngenderHealth, 2007.   10 p. 
 
117. RUMINJO, J.K. Barriers to vasectomy use in Kenya. East African Medical Journal 76(3): 121-123. Mar. 1999. 
 
118. SCHMIDT, S.S. Vasectomy by section, luminal fulguration and fascial interposition: results from 6248 cases. British Journal of Urology 76(3): 373-374; discussion 375. Sep. 1995. 
 
119. SCHUMAN, L.M., COULSON, A.H., MANDEL, J.S., MASSEY, F.J., JR., and O'FALLON, W.M. Health status of American men--a study of post-vasectomy sequelae. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 46(8): 697-958. Aug. 1993. 
 
120. SCHWINGL, P.J. and GUESS, H.A. Safety and effectiveness of vasectomy. Fertility and Sterility 73(5): 923-936. May 2000. 
 
121. SEAMANS, Y. and HARNER-JAY, C.M. Modelling cost-effectiveness of different vasectomy methods in India, Kenya, and Mexico. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 5: 8. Jul. 13, 1997. (Available: http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/5/1/8)
 
122. SHAKERI S., YAZDANI, M., KHALAFI, M., and AL-ADEEB, N.T. Failure rate of no-scalpel vasectomy in prevention of pregnancy in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11(3): 198-201. May-Jun. 2006. (Available: http://journals.mui.ac.ir/jrms/article/viewFile/323/124)
 
123. SINHA, R.K. and RAO, G.R. Male participation in family planning. An evaluation study of no-scalpel vasectomy project, Haryana. Mumbai, International Institute for Population Sciences, Sep. 2001.   47 p. 
 
124. SINHA, R.K. and RAO, G.R. Male participation in family planning. An evaluation study of no-scalpel vasectomy project, Maharashtra. Mumbai, International Institute for Population Sciences, Sep. 2001. 45 p. 
 
125. SITOMPUL, H., LUN, K.C., LUMBANRAJA, M., KABAN, R.M., ALBAR, E., SIMANJUNTAK, P., and HANAFIAH, M.J. Comparison of three types of tubal sterilisation: The Medan experience. Contraception 29(1): 55-563. Jan. 1984. 
 
126. SMITH, A.G., CROOKS, J., SINGH, N.P., SCOTT, R., and LLOYD, S.N. Is the timing of post-vasectomy seminal analysis important? British Journal of Urology 81(3): 458-460. Mar. 1998. 
 
127. SNEYD, M.J., COX, B., PAUL, C., and SKEGG, D.C. High prevalence of vasectomy in New Zealand. Contraception 64(3): 155-159. Sep. 2001
 
128. SOKAL, D. (Family Health International) [Vasectomy techniques and semen testing] Personal communication, May 2008. 
 
129. SOKAL, D., IRSULA, B., CHEN-MOK, M., LABRECQUE, M., and BARONE, M.A. A comparison of vas occlusion techniques: Cautery more effective than ligation and excision with fascial interposition. BMC Urology 4(1): 12. Oct. 27, 2004. (Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/4/12)
 
130. SOKAL, D., IRSULA, B., HAYS, M., CHEN-MOK, M., and BARONE, M.A. Vasectomy by ligation and excision, with or without fascial interposition: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine 2: 6. Mar. 31, 2004. (Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/2/6)
 
131. SOKAL, D., MCMULLEN, S., GATES, D., and DOMINIK, R. A comparative study of the no scalpel and standard incision approaches to vasectomy in five countries. The Male Sterilization Investigator Team. Journal of Urology 162(5): 1621-1625. Nov. 1999. 
 
132. SOKAL, D.C. Expert Consultation on Vasectomy Effectiveness. Summary of discussions and recommendations.   Proceedings of the Expert Consultation on Vasectomy Effectiveness, Durham, North Carolina, Apr. 18-19, 2001. Family Health International and AVSC. 
 
133. SOLO, J., JACOBSTEIN, R., and MALEMA, D. Malawi case study: Choice, not chance. A repositioning family planning case study. New York, EngenderHealth, ACQUIRE Project, Sep. 2005.   40 p. (Available: http://www.acquireproject.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ACQUIRE/Malawi_case_study.pdf)
 
134. SONNENBERG, F.A., BURKMAN, R.T., HAGERTY, C.G., SPEROFF, L., and SPEROFF, T. Costs and net health effects of contraceptive methods. Contraception 69(6): 447-459. Jun. 2004. 
 
135. SPICEHANDLER, J. and SIMMONS, R. Contraceptive introduction reconsidered: A review and conceptual framework. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1994. (Expanding Family Planning Options) 34 p. 
 
136. STURLEY, A. Mapping the effects of vasectomy. PLA Notes 37(17): 83-86. Feb. 2000. (Available: http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdfs/G01872.pdf)
 
137. SWAROOP, S. (Constella Futures Group, ITAP) [Elements of successful family planning programs] Personal communication, Jan. 14, 2008. 
 
138. SWAROOP, S. (Constella Futures Group, ITAP) [NSV project at the Medical College of India ] Personal communication, Feb. 15, 2008. 
 
139. TANER, C.E., ABAN, M., YILMAZ, N., SENTURK, N., and TOY, E. Pomeroy tubal ligation by laparoscopy and minilaparotomy. Advances in Contraception 10(2): 151-155. Jun. 1994. 
 
140. TAYLOR, J. (EngenderHealth) [Vasectomy promotion campaigns in Bangladesh and Ghana] Personal communication, Feb. 25, 2008. 
 
141. TRUSSELL, J.  Contraceptive Efficacy. Contraceptive Technology 19 ed. New York, Ardent Media, 2007. (Available: http://www.contraceptivetechnology.com/)
 
142. TRUSSELL, J., LEVEQUE, J.A., KOENIG, J.D., LONDON, R., BORDEN, S., HENNEBERRY, J., LAGUARDIA, K.D., STEWART, F., WILSON, T.G., WYSOCKI, S., and STRAUSS, M. The economic value of contraception: A comparison of 15 methods. American Journal of Public Health 85(4): 494-503. Apr. 1995. 
 
143. TSHERING, P. [Vasectomy prevalence in Bhutan] Personal communication, Feb. 23, 2008. 
 
144. UGANDA: DELIVERY OF IMPROVED SERVICES FOR HEALTH II (DISH II). Best practices: Long term and permanent family planning methods marketing strategy. DISH II, 2002.   4 p. (Available: http://www.ugandadish.org/ltpm.htm)
 
145. UNITED NATIONS. World contraceptive use 2007. New York, United Nations Population Division, 2008.   (Available: http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2007/contraceptive2007.htm)
 
146. VERNON, R. Operations research on promoting vasectomy in three Latin American countries. International Family Planning Perspectives 22(1): 26-31. Mar. 1996. 
 
147. VERNON, R., OJEDA, G., and VEGA, A. Making vasectomy services more acceptable to men. International Family Planning Perspectives 17(2): 55-60. Jun. 1991. 
 
148. VERNON, R., SOLÓRZANO, J., and MUÑOZ, B. Introducing sustainable vasectomy services in Guatemala. International Family Planning Perspectives 33(4): 182-187. Dec. 2007. (Available: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3318207.html)
 
149. WEGNER, M.N., LANDRY, E., WILKINSON, D., and TZANIS, J. Men as partners in reproductive health: From issues to action. International Family Planning Perspectives 24(1): 38-42. Mar. 1998. (Available: http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/2403898.pdf)
 
150. WILKINSON, D., WEGNER, M.N., MWANGI, N., and LYNAM, P. Improving vasectomy services in Kenya: Lessons from a mystery client survey. Reproductive Health Matters 4(7): 115-121. May 1996. 
 
151. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.  WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. 4th ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999. 138 p. 
 
152. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RESEARCH (WHO/RHR) and JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH/CENTER FOR COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS (CCP). Family planning: A global handbook for providers. Baltimore and Geneva, CCP and WHO, 2007. (Available: www.fphandbook.org)
 
153. WRIGHT, S. [What drives LAPM demand?] Personal communication, Apr. 23, 2008. 
 
154. XU, B., FENG, H., and LIU, X.Z. No-scalpel vasectomy training in China. Advances in Contraceptive Delivery Systems 9(1): 1-8. 1993. 
 
155. XU, B. and HUANG, W.D. No-scalpel vasectomy outside China. Asian Journal of Andrology 2(1): 21-24. Mar. 2000. 
 
 

Disclaimer: The information provided on this web site is not official U.S. Government information and does not represent the views or positions of the U.S. Agency for International Development, the U.S. Government or The Johns Hopkins University.