There are many different ways to find men. In southern India more than 250,000 barbers have been trained as community health workers. They talk about condoms and distribute them to clients in their shops. Village men say they feel more comfortable talking with their barbers than to clinic workers (11).

In 1995 the Family Planning Association of Kenya (FPAK) began an ambitious 5-year project to involve men in family planning and reproductive health (122). The Male Involvement Project reaches men through a variety of channels, including going to their workplaces. John Karanja is a typical workplace motivator. Employed at the Nakuru blanket factory, he teaches his fellow employees at lunch-time and at after-work seminars about contraception, birth spacing, and HIV/AIDS. He sells contraceptives, such as the Pill and condoms, to men after work. He bicycles to the houses of employees in the factory compound to answer men's questions and to encourage couples to make reproductive decisions together. On these home visits, he also refers clients to the FPAK clinics for vasectomy or tubal ligation, if the couple has decided they want permanent contraception.

To reach other working men in the Nakuru district, male staff members of the FPAK clinic put on puppet shows in the local park during the lunch hour. The puppets are an entertaining, nonthreatening way to educate men and women about contraceptive methods, STD/HIV prevention, and available reproductive health services. At the end of each show the puppeteers invite questions from the audience (93).

All over the world, sports events attract many men. In Africa, as elsewhere, football is a passion among men and boys. Tapping this natural audience, Johns Hopkins Population Communication Services launched the Challenge CUP Initiative in 1997 in Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia. CUP stands for "Caring, Understanding Partners." The Challenge CUP Initiative encourages men who attend the football matches to become more sexually responsible, to prevent STDs, to learn more about reproductive health, and to discuss it with their wives or other sex partners. To reach the large crowds attending the games, a variety of materials featuring key reproductive health messages are given away, including trading cards of football stars, T-shirts, sun visors, bumper stickers, and informative pamphlets (207). At the same time, coaches and football players are counseled about positive reproductive health behavior. Several star players serve as spokesmen and role models, speaking about spousal communication and STD prevention at half-time during matches and also on radio and television.