CONTENTS

         Chapters
  1. Research and Regulatory Approval
  2. Use of Injectables
  3. Effectiveness and Reversibility
  4. Side Effects and Complications
  5. More Evidence in the Cancer Debate
  6. Noncontraceptive Health Benefits
  7. Counseling Issues
  8. Communicating with the Public
  9. Maximizing Access and Quality

Published with this issue:

HIGHLIGHTS


Published by the Population Information Program, Center for Communication Programs, The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-4012, USA

Volume XXIII, Number 2 August 1995
 M ore Evidence in the Cancer Debate

In the 1980s several epidemiologic studies assessed the risk of cancer among women using injectables. As noted (see Chapter 1), the largest and most carefully controlled of these studies was the WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives, conducted from 1979 to 1988 in 10 countries. It examined the risk of cancer of the breast, cervix, endometrium, ovary, and liver among users of various hormonal contraceptives. The study investigated DMPA in Kenya, Mexico, and Thailand and reported generally reassuring findings (see Table 6). Little information is available on NET EN or monthly injectables. Inferences about monthly injectables cannot be made from findings on oral contraceptives because they use different hormones, and the daily levels of hormones in the bloodstream differ (283).

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