CONTENTS

        Chapters
  1. The Coming Water Crisis
  2. Water Availability and Use
  3. Facing Water Shortages
  4. Consequences of Overuse and Pollution
  5. The Health Dimension
  6. Water Conservation and Management
  7. Toward a Blue Revolution

HIGHLIGHTS


Population Reports is published by the Population Information Program, Center for Communication Programs, The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-4012, USA


Volume XXVI, Number 1
September, 1998

Water-Scarce Diseases

Many other diseases—including trachoma, leprosy, tuberculosis, whooping cough, tetanus, and diphtheria—are considered water-scarce (also known as water-washed) in that they thrive in conditions where freshwater is scarce and sanitation is poor. Infections are transmitted when too little fresh water is available for washing hands. These diseases, which are rampant throughout most of the world, can be effectively controlled with better hygiene, for which adequate freshwater is necessary.

Some parasitic diseases not usually considered water-related and previously limited in their reach have been rapidly expanding as populations grow and water supplies become more polluted. For example, cysticercosis, a disease usually produced by tapeworms found in undercooked pork and limited to rural areas, expanded rapidly in Mexico City in the early 1980s. As the city's population soared, the parasite multiplied in the highly polluted water of the Tula River, which supplies much of the drinking water for the makeshift settlements on the city's outskirts. Tens of thousands of people downstream from the city sewage system were infected (70).


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Population Reports